Table 2.
Summary of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance traits of wild relatives of rice (Oryza sativa).
| Traits | Crop wild relative and respective genomes | Resistance/tolerance genes, gene loci, and QTL identified in wild species |
|---|---|---|
| TOLERANCE TO BIOTIC STRESSES | ||
| Insect tolerance | ||
| Brown planthopper resistance |
O. nivara (AA) O. punctata (BB/BBCC) O. longistaminata (AA) O. barthii (AA) O. rufipogon (AA) O. officinalis (CC) O. austaliensis (EE) O. minuta (BBCC) O. latifolia (CCDD) O. glaberimma (AA) |
Bph10 and Bph18(t) (O. australiensis); bph11(t), bph12(t), Bph13(t), Bph14, and Bph15 (O. officinalis); Bph12 (O. latifolia); Bph16(t), Bph20(t), Bph21(t), and Bph23(t) (O. minuta); Bph22(t) (O. glaberrima); Bph24(t), bph29 and Bph30 (O. rufipogon) |
| Disease tolerance | ||
| Blast resistance |
O. minuta (BBCC) O. autraliensis (EE) O. rufipogon (AA) O. rhizomatis(CC) |
~100 resistance (R) genes and 350+ QTL; Three major R gene clusters (Piz, Pik, and Pita) were subjected to extensive characterization |
| Bacterial blight resistance |
O. longistaminata (AA) O. rufipogon (AA) O. minuta (BBCC) O. officinalis (CC) O. nivara (AA) O. brachyantha (FF) |
~41 resistance genes have been reported; Xa21 (O. longistaminata); Xa23 (O. rufipogon); Xa27 (O. minuta); Xa29(t) (O. officinalis); Xa30(t), Xa38 (O. nivara); Xa34(t) (O. brachyantha) |
| Rice grassy stunt virus resistance | O. nivara (AA) | Gs (O. nivara) |
| Rice tungro bacilliform virus tolerance |
O. longistaminata (AA) O. rufipogon (AA) |
Ongoing efforts include gene/QTL identification and using O. longistaminata and O. rufipogon as donors in developing tolerant lines |
| TOLERANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSES | ||
| Drought and heat tolerance |
O. glaberrima (AA) O. barthii (AA) O. meridionalis (AA) O. australiensis (EE) O. longistaminata (AA) |
Ongoing efforts include gene/QTL identification and using donors such as O. meridionalis in developing tolerant lines |
| Acid soil and aluminum tolerance | O. rufipogon (AA) | Several QTL identified in O. rufipogon |
| Salinity tolerance | Porteresia coarctata (O.coarctata) (KKLL) | Porteresia coarctata being subjected to genomic/ transcriptomic analysis to identify key genes/pathways |
| Cold tolerance | O. rufipogon (AA) | QTL identified in O. rufipogon |