Table 3.

Mechanical, syringeability, bioadhesion, and viscosity values of Chi and Plx gels (n=6)

Formulation	Hardness, N	Compressibility, N⋅second	Adhesiveness, N⋅second	Cohesiveness	Elasticity	Syringeability, N⋅mm	Bioadhesion, mN⋅mm	Viscosity, cP
Chi gel
25°C	0.014±0.001	0.042±0.007	0.121±0.028	1.008±0.024	0.896±0.112	130.140±2.857	–	1,200±0
37°C	0.018±0.002	0.075±0.011	0.119±0.039	1.016±0.005	1.041±0.037	–	2,066.18±236.34	973.67±2.08
Chi gel containing MSs
25°C	0.016±0.00	0.120±0.004	0.085±0.013	1.029±0.015	1.061±0.052	131.340±7.564	–	836±1
37°C	0.017±0.003	0.052±0.011	0.053±0.004	0.979±0.020	0.958±0.073	–	2,410.60±285.31	789.67±1.53
Chi gel–Tyrode solution
37°C	0.006±0.001	0.011±0.002	0.007±0.001	0.987±0.012	0.999±0.207	–	1,067.63±364.98	90.1±0.1
Chi gel containing MS–Tyrode solution
37°C	0.008±0	0.018±0.001	0.007±0	1.000±0	0.987±0.048	–	1,676.50±248.29	102.67±0.58
Plx gel
25°C	0.018±0	0.114±0.003	0.006±0.001	1.058±0.027	0.951±0.021	99.830±1.510	–	636±0
37°C	0.189±0.009	0.355±0.019	0.297±0.017	1.008±0.005	0.905±0.017	–	1,951.74±186.17	–*
Plx gel containing MSs
25°C	0.010±0	0.026±0	0.005±0	1.000±0	0.978±0.042	120.584±4.184	–	722.67±1.53
37°C	0.141±0.008	0.430±0.080	0.230±0.039	1.331±0.121	0.992±0.025	–	2,700.72±137.82	–*
Plx gel–Tyrode solution
37°C	0.005±0	0.006±0.001	0.004±0	1.025±0.051	0.974±0.084	–	1,072.62±51.76	27.2±0.1
Plx gel containing MS–Tyrode solution
37°C	0.008±0	0.028±0.001	0.006±0.002	1.013±0.033	1.034±0.145	–	1,408.53±87.46	38.23±0.15

Notes:

^*Could not be measured because of the high viscosity of the sample; bioadhesion studies and evaluation of formulations diluted with Tyrode solution studied only at 37°C to mimic in vivo conditions; syringeability studies conducted only at 25°C to mimic room temperature. Data presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: Chi, chitosan; Plx, poloxamer; MS, microsphere.