Table 4.
Other efficiency measures
| Outcome/Indicator | Number of Studies | Type (Private) | Countries | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOS | 3 | Aortic valve substitution, hip and knee procedures in private hospitals or ISTCs | Italy, United Kingdom, France | Private hospitals have shorter LOS |
| 3 | Private (ie, psychiatric hospitals, mental health clinics) hospitals and specifically for knee procedures | Italy, Greece, France | Private hospitals have longer LOS | |
| 1 | ISTCs (for most diagnostic groups) | United Kingdom | No difference | |
| Responsiveness to demand | 1 | FP | Germany | Public hospitals are less responsive |
| Employment | 1 | NFP | Germany | No difference |
| 2 | FP | Germany, Greece | Lower staff rate | |
| Upcoding | 1 | NFP + FP | Italy | Public hospitals have less “upcoding” |
| 1 | NFP + FP | Italy | No difference |
Abbreviations: ISTCs, independent sector treatment centers; FP, for‐profit; LOS, length of stay; NFP, not‐for‐profit.