. 2018 Apr 23;74(7):1474–1487. doi: 10.1111/jan.13564

Table 2.

Relative frequency of missed care reported using three common instruments (based on average rank in studies)

Instrument
BERNCA Revised (1 study)	Type^a	Rank	Centile^b	MISSCARE (6 studies)	Type	Rank	Centile	RN4CAST (5 studies)	Type	Rank	Centile
Emotional & psychological support	p	1	0%	Ambulation three times per day or as documented	u	1	0%	Comfort/talk with patients	p	1	0%
Assessment of newly admitted patient	u	2	3%	Mouth care	c	2	4%	Educating patients and family	p	2	8%
Setup care plans	p	3	6%	Attend interdisciplinary care conferences whenever held	P	3	9%	Adequately document nursing care	u	3	17%
Necessary conversation	p	4	10%	Turning patient every 2hrs	c	4	13%	Oral hygiene^a	c	4	25%
Mobilization	u	5	13%	Patient teaching	P	5	17%	Develop or update nursing care plans/care pathways	p	5	33%
Documentation & evaluation of the care	u	6	16%	Medications administered within 30 min before or after scheduled time	c	6	22%	Frequent changing of patient position^a	c	5	33%
Activating or rehabilitating care	u	7	19%	Full documentation of all necessary data	u	6	22%	Prepare patients and families for discharge	p	7	50%
Information about therapies	p	8	23%	Feeding patient when the food is still warm	u	8	30%	Planning care	p	8	58%
Monitoring of confused patients and use of sedatives	c	8	23%	Assist with toileting needs within 5 min of request	u	8	30%	Adequate patient surveillance^a	c	9	67%
Studying care plans	u	10	29%	Emotional support to patient and/or family	P	10	39%	Administer medications on time^a	c	10	75%
Monitoring patients as the nurse felt necessary	c	11	32%	Assess effectiveness of medications	c	11	43%	Pain management^a	c	11	83%
Keep patient waiting who rung	u	12	35%	Patient bathing/skincare	c	12	48%	Skin care^a	c	12	92%
Monitoring of confused patients & use of restraints	c	13	39%	Response to call light is provided within 5 min	u	13	52%	Treatments and procedures^a	c	13	100%
Oral hygiene	c	14	42%	Monitoring intake/output	c	14	57%
Delay in measure because of a physician delay	u	15	45%	Setting up meals for patients who feed themselves	u	15	61%
Dental hygiene	c	16	48%	PRN medication requests acted on within 5 min	c	16	65%
Continence training (diapers)	u	17	52%	IV site care and assessment according to hospital policy	c	17	70%
Administration of medication, infusions	c	18	55%	Skin/wound care	c	18	74%
Monitoring patients as prescribed by physician	c	19	58%	Hand washing	c	19	78%
Skin care	c	20	61%	Ensuring patient discharge planning	P	20	83%
Change in the position	c	21	65%	Focused reassessment according to patient condition	c	21	87%
Preparation for discharge	p	22	68%	Patient assessment performed each shift	c	22	91%
Sponge bath	u	23	71%	Vital signs assessed as ordered	c	23	96%
Assist food intake	u	24	74%	Bedside glucose monitoring as ordered	c	24	100%
Education and training	u	25	77%
Adequate hand hygiene	c	26	81%
Partial sponge bath	u	27	84%
Change in wound dressings	c	28	87%
Preparation for test and therapies	c	29	90%
Necessary disinfection measures	c	30	94%
Change in the bed linen	u	31	97%
Continence training (insert catheter)	c	32	100%

Classification of missed care item: p, planning and communication, c, clinical care, u, unclassified (no consensus).

Percentile rank—the original items were ranked on a scale 1 to n, where n is the number of items on the scale. To ensure comparability in item rankings across scales with different item numbers these are converted to a percentile scale where the highest ranked item (1) is 0% and the highest ranked (n) is 100%.