Table 3.
Delay‐Adjusted Childhood Cancer Incidence Rates for Areas With High‐Quality Data and US Childhood Cancer Death Rates by Race/Ethnicity, Both Sexes Combined, and Their Fixed‐Interval Trendsa , b
| Children: Ages 0‐14 Yearsc | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence (2010‐2014) | Mortality (2011‐2015) | |||||||
| Race/Ethnicityd | Ratee | AAPCf | 95% CI | P | Ratee | AAPCf | 95% CI | P |
| All races | 16.6 | 0.8g | 0.6, 1.0 | < .001 | 2.1 | −1.5g | −1.8, −1.2 | < .001 |
| White | 17.3 | 0.7g | 0.5, 0.9 | < .001 | 2.2 | −1.4g | −1.7, −1.0 | < .001 |
| Black | 12.9 | −1.1 | −3.7, 1.3 | .30 | 2.0 | −1.6g | −2.1, −1.0 | < .001 |
| API | 13.7 | 1.1g | 0.4, 1.7 | .004 | 1.7 | −2.4g | −3.9, −1.0 | .003 |
| AI/AN CHSDA | 12.6 | −0.1 | −1.4, 1.2 | .84 | 1.9 | —h | ||
| Hispanic | 16.1 | 0.4g | 0.1, 0.6 | .02 | 2.1 | −2.0g | −2.5, −1.5 | < .001 |
| Non‐Hispanic | 16.8 | 1.0g | 0.8, 1.1 | < .001 | 2.1 | −1.4g | −1.7, −1.0 | < .001 |
Abbreviations: AAPC, average annual percent change; AI/AN, American Indian/Alaska Native; API, Asian/Pacific Islander; CHSDA, Indian Health Service Contract Health Services Delivery Area; CI, confidence interval.
Source: National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results areas reported by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries as meeting high‐quality incidence data standards for the specified time periods.
The following registries were included in the incidence rates (2010‐2014) and Joinpoint models (1999‐2014) for all race/ethnicities, white, black, AI/AN, API, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic (42 states): Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
For incidence, AI/AN (CHSDA 2012) statistics exclude data from Kansas.
White, black, API, and AI/AN (CHSDA 2012 counties) include Hispanic and non‐Hispanic; the race and ethnicity categories are not mutually exclusive.
Rates are per 100,000 persons and were age standardized to the 2000 US standard population (19 age groups US Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Publication 25‐1130. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 2000 [Census P25‐1130]).
The AAPC is the average APC and is a weighted average of the APCs over the fixed interval (2009‐2013 for incidence; 2010‐2014 for mortality) using the underlying Joinpoint model for the period from 1999 to 2014 for incidence and the period from 1999 to 2015 for mortality. Joinpoint models with up to 2 joinpoints for incidence and up to 3 joinpoints for mortality were based on rates per 100,000 persons that were age standardized to the 2000 US standard population (19 age groups; Census P25‐1130). For joinpoint analysis, the Joinpoint Regression Program was used (version 4.5.0.1; Bethesda, MD: Statistical Research and Applications Branch, National Cancer Institute; June 2017).
The AAPC is statistically significantly different from zero (2‐sided P < .05).
The statistic could not be calculated. The average APC is based on <10 cases for at least 1 year within the time interval.