Table 2.

Mean difference in BMI-for-age z-score per increase in category of maternal education, N = 12,385 (estimated from multilevel models)

	Mean difference in BMI-for-age z-score per category of mother’s education
	Uncontrolled		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Coefa (95% CIb)	p for trendc	Coef (95% CI)	p for trendc	Coef (95% CI)	p for trendc	Coef (95% CI)		p for trendc
Girls, N = 5969
BMI z-score at birth	0.05 (0.01, 0.08)	0.005	0.04 (0.01, 0.08)	0.02	0.04 (0, 0.07)	0.03	0.03 (−0.01, 0.06)		0.14
BMI z-score trajectory from:
0–3 months	−0.19 (−0.36, −0.01)	0.04	−0.15 (−0.32, 0.02)	0.09	−0.16 (−0.33, 0.02)	0.08	−0.11 (−0.28, 0.07)		0.22
>3–12 months	−0.05 (−0.11, 0)	0.05	−0.04 (−0.09, 0.02)	0.21	−0.04 (−0.09, 0.02)	0.20	−0.03 (−0.09, 0.03)		0.29
>12–34 months	0.00 (−0.03, 0.03)	0.81	0.00 (−0.03, 0.03)	0.93	0.00 (−0.03, 0.03)	0.95	0.00 (−0.03, 0.03)		0.87
>34–84 months	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)	0.001	0.02 (0, 0.03)	0.01	0.02 (0, 0.03)	0.03	0.02 (0, 0.03)		0.02
Boys, N = 6416
BMI z-score at birth	0.06 (0.03, 0.1)	<0.001	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)	0.002	0.05 (0.02, 0.09)	0.002	0.05 (0.01, 0.08)		0.009
BMI z-score trajectory from
0–3 months	−0.19 (−0.37, −0.01)	0.04	−0.15 (−0.33, 0.03)	0.09	−0.17 (−0.35, 0.01)	0.06	−0.15 (−0.33, 0.03)		0.11
>3–12 months	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.05)	0.67	0.00 (−0.05, 0.06)	0.88	0.01 (−0.05, 0.07)	0.83	0.01 (−0.05, 0.07)		0.64
>12–34 months	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.01)	0.25	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.01)	0.14	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.01)	0.13	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.01)		0.13
>34–84 months	0.03 (0.02, 0.05)	<0.001	0.03 (0.01, 0.04)	<0.001	0.03 (0.01, 0.04)	0.001	0.02 (0.01, 0.04)		0.002

Model 1: controlled for study trial arm, urban or rural location and East or West of Belarus

Model 2: as model 1 additionally controlled for both parents’ BMI

Model 3: as model 2 additionally controlled for maternal smoking (never, ever or unknown) and older siblings (none, 1 or >1)

^a Coef = coefficient

^b CI = confidence interval

^c Trend across exposure categories