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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2018 May 10;68(1):304–316. doi: 10.1002/hep.29815

Figure 6. FXR agonists increase XBP1 splicing and IRE1α phosphorylation.

Figure 6

A) Huh7-Ntcp and HepG2 cells were transfected with an XBP1 splicing activity-luciferase reporter gene (XBP1-luc) and treated with 10 μM 6-ECDCA or 2.5 μM GW4064, respectively for 8 hours. The splicing of XBP1 was measured by luciferase assay. Tunicamycin (TM, 2.5 μg/ml) was used as a positive control for XBP1 splicing. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to DMSO. B) Huh7-Ntcp cells were treated with 2.5 μM 6-ECDCA or DMSO for 2 hours, and C) HepG2 cells were treated with 2.5 μM GW4064 or DMSO for 4 hours. Western blotting was performed for phosphorylated-IRE1α (p-IRE1α). Cellular p-IRE1α expression is increased in Huh7-Ntcp and HepG2 cells in response to FXR-agonist treatment. XBP1s and GAPDH protein expression are also shown.