Table 2.

Maximum physiologic valgus demonstrated in various studies with noted elbow position and load applied during testing

Authors	Specimens	Maximum valgus (degrees)	Elbow flexion (degrees)	Load (nm)
Callaway et al[3] 1997	28	3.6	30, 60, 90, 120	2
Floris et al[25] 1998	18	6	20	0.75
Morrey et al[4] 1991	6	5	20	Gravity
Safran et al[5] 2005	12	11.1	70	2