Table 1.
Characteristics of microcapsules prepared with succinylated starch (S), phosphorylated starch (P), and N-Lok® starch (N) as wall material of betalains
| Characteristic | Wall material | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| S | P | N | |
| Particle size (μm) | 6.93 (0.87) a | 6.60 (0.36) ab | 4.66 (0.31) b |
| Moisture (%) | 5.20 (0.04) a | 5.20 (0.02) a | 5.30 (0.02) a |
| Aw | 0.308 (0.001) (a) | 0.294 (0.001) (b) | 0.242 (0.001) (c) |
| Hue angle (degrees) | 8.08 (0.07) a | 9.30 (0.06) a | 8.37 (0.04) a |
| Chroma | 28.71 (0.28) a | 26.25 (0.35) a | 23.21 (0.17) a |
| Lightness (%) | 63.59 (0.54) ab | 60.68 (0.81) b | 67.00 (0.09) a |
| Encapsulation efficiency (%) | 97.56 (0.03) a | 96.69 (0.02) b | 93.98 (0.05) c |
| Total betacyanin content | 0.5527 (0.0015) a | 0.5399 (0.0012) a | 0.3456 (0.0043) b |
| Total betaxanthin content | 0.5319 (0.0013) a | 0.5383 (0.0006) a | 0.4030 (0.0006) b |
| Superficial betacyanin content | 0.0138 (0.0001) c | 0.0185 (0.0001) b | 0.0239 (0.0001) a |
| Superficial betaxanthin content | 0.0127 (0.0001) c | 0.0172 (9.4 × 10−5) b | 0.0212 (0.0001) a |
Different letters indicate significant difference (Tukey, 0.05) between means at the same row. Values between parentheses are standard errors. Units of betalain contents are mg/g