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. 2018 Jul 5;8:10178. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28471-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Measurement of the skull HU values, BCI, and Evans ratio: (A) measurement of HU values in four areas between the left and right coronal sutures of the cancellous bone of the frontal skull; (B) magnification of the frontal skull to measure HU values in cancellous bone, avoiding cortical bone; (C) measurement of the BCI by dividing the width of the frontal horns, at the level of the caudate nuclei, by the corresponding diameter of the brain at the level of the foramen Monro; (D) measurement of the Evans ratio with a linear ratio between the maximal width of the frontal horns in relation to the inner diameter of the cranium. HU = Hounsfield unit; BCI = bicaudate index.