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. 2018 Jul 5;8:10188. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28372-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic recapitulating the main topics addressed in the current study: etiological hypothesis (a), modulatory role of neonatal corticosterone administration (b), and potential molecular mechanisms involved (c). Specifically, in panel (a) we exemplified the etiological hypothesis linking streptococcal immunizations, antibody response and behavioral abnormalities. In panel (b) we sketched a candidate mechanism through which neonatal corticosterone may mitigate the PANDAS-like neurobehavioural abnormalities. In (c) we visually represented the main findings from the upstream regulator analysis. The predicted effects of GAS and CORT+ GAS are shown for signaling involving estradiol and the other signaling molecules from the analyses that are regulated by estradiol.