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. 2018 Jul 5;8:10175. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28490-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) inhibited human stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix secretion. TGF-β1 activated human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2 cells) showed a significantly increased gene expression of stellate cell activation marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (A), compared to untreated LX-2 cells. This was associated with increased expression of extracellular matrix gene, collagen 1 (B). However, DIZE treatment reduced both α-SMA and collagen 1 expression by approximately 50%. This reduction was accompanied by a significantly reduced phosphorylation of Smad2 (C,E) and Smad3 (D,F) proteins. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM profile from 3 independent experiments.