Table 3.
Associations between life skills and health, disability, physical capability, and adiposity.
| Life skill groups | p(linear contrast) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4/5 | ||
| Self-rated health (% with fair/poor health) Adjusted OR (95% CI) N = 8413 |
33.5 (0.9) 1 (ref) |
27.2 (0.8) 0.73 (0.64–0.83) |
21.6 (0.9) 0.52 (0.45–0.60) |
18.2 (1.2) 0.40 (0.33–0.49) |
13.9 (1.4) 0.26 (0.21–0.34) |
<0.001 |
| Chronic illness (% with illness) Adjusted OR (95% CI) N = 8841 |
84.8 (0.8) 1 (ref) |
82.4 (0.7) 0.80 (0.68–0.94) |
81.1 (0.8) 0.72 (0.60–0.85) |
79.7 (1.1) 0.65 (0.54–0.79) |
75.8 (1.2) 0.51 (0.41–0.63) |
<0.001 |
| Activities of daily living (% impaired ADL) Adjusted OR (95% CI) N = 8843 |
24.3 (0.8) 1 (ref) |
18.2 (0.7) 0.69 (0.60–0.80) |
14.6 (0.8) 0.52 (0.44–0.61) |
13.4 (1.0) 0.45 (0.37–0.55) |
10.4 (1.2) 0.31 (0.24–0.41) |
<0.001 |
| Gait speed (mean in m/s) Beta (SE) N = 5899 |
0.737 (0.006)Ref | 0.753 (0.005) 0.031 (0.014) |
0.757 (0.006) 0.040 (0.014) |
0.781 (0.008) 0.065 (0.013) |
0.794 (0.009) 0.074 (0.013) |
<0.001 |
| Obesity (% obese) Adjusted OR (95% CI) N = 8274 |
31.5 (1.0) 1 (ref) |
30.3 (0.9) 0.94 (0.82–1.07) |
30.8 (1.0) 0.95 (0.82–1.09) |
28.9 (1.3) 0.86 (0.73–1.01) |
25.0 (1.6) 0.70 (0.58–0.85) |
<0.001 |
| Waist circumference (% above threshold) Adjusted OR (95% CI) N = 7655 |
68.4 (1.1) 1 (ref) |
67.4 (1.0) 0.95 (0.83–1.09) |
65.5 (1.1) 0.87 (0.75–0.99) |
65.5 (1.4) 0.87 (0.74–1.02) |
62.5 (1.7) 0.76 (0.63–0.91) |
0.002 |
Note: Percentage or mean with standard error in parentheses. All values are adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, father’s education, own education and baseline cognitive performance.