Table 5.

Sensitivity analyses: life skill index excluding each component in turn.

	Full index		Excluding conscientiousness		Excluding emotional stability		Excluding persistence		Excluding optimism		Excluding control
	OR, β 1	p 2	OR, β	p	OR, β	p	OR, β	p	OR, β	p	OR, β	p
Wealth	1.37	0.006	1.32	0.010	1.31	0.009	1.35	0.001	1.30	0.003	1.24	0.036
Income	1.45	<0.001	1.38	0.001	1.43	<0.001	1.27	0.002	1.35	<0.001	1.35	0.001
Depressive symptoms	0.12	<0.001	0.12	<0.001	0.17	<0.001	0.13	<0.001	0.14	<0.001	0.18	<0.001
Anxiety	−0.340	<0.001	−0.381	<0.001	−0.303	<0.001	−0.343	<0.001	−0.390	<0.001	−0.306	<0.001
Financial strain	0.30	<0.001	0.36	<0.001	0.37	<0.001	0.35	<0.001	0.35	<0.001	0.43	<0.001
Chronic stress	−0.206	<0.001	−0.229	<0.001	−0.193	<0.001	−0.245	<0.001	−0.230	<0.001	−0.176	<0.001
Social isolation	0.61	<0.001	0.622	<0.001	0.64	<0.001	0.71	<0.001	0.67	<0.001	0.69	0.001
Loneliness	0.12	<0.001	0.14	<0.001	0.17	<0.001	0.15	<0.001	0.16	<0.001	0.20	<0.001
Close relationships	0.095	<0.001	0.120	<0.001	0.109	<0.001	0.110	<0.001	0.109	<0.001	0.081	<0.001
Volunteering	1.61	<0.001	1.57	<0.001	1.52	<0.001	1.56	<0.001	1.53	<0.001	1.56	<0.001
Self−rated health	0.26	<0.001	0.32	<0.001	0.35	<0.001	0.29	<0.001	0.33	<0.001	0.37	<0.001
Chronic disease	0.51	<0.001	0.61	<0.001	0.58	<0.001	0.54	<0.001	0.59	<0.001	0.60	<0.001
Impaired ADLs	0.31	<0.001	0.40	<0.001	0.40	<0.001	0.33	<0.001	0.37	<0.001	0.43	<0.001
Gait speed	0.074	<0.001	0.079	<0.001	0.079	<0.001	0.083	<0.001	0.084	<0.001	0.061	<0.001
Waist circumference	0.76	<0.001	0.81	0.013	0.75	<0.001	0.82	0.008	0.82	0.006	0.81	0.004
Obesity	0.70	<0.001	0.82	0.079	0.75	<0.001	0.76	0.001	0.79	0.003	0.72	<0.001
Longitudinal results
Depressive symptoms	0.25	<0.001	0.25	<0.001	0.40	<0.001	0.23	<0.001	0.28	<0.001	0.29	<0.001
Anxiety	−0.105	<0.001	−0.136	<0.001	−0.100	<0.001	−0.132	<0.001	−0.116	<0.001	−0.080	<0.001
Financial strain	0.61	0.001	0.53	<0.001	0.60	0.001	0.55	<0.001	0.58	<0.001	0.68	0.012
Chronic stress	−0.077	<0.001	−0.086	<0.001	−0.088	<0.001	−0.106	<0.001	−0.096	<0.001	−0.057	<0.001
Loneliness	−0.108	<0.001	−0.118	<0.001	−0.107	<0.001	−0.144	<0.001	−0.125	<0.001	−0.095	<0.001
Close relationships	0.044	0.001	0.049	<0.001	0.048	0.001	0.055	0.001	0.046	0.001	0.046	0.003
Volunteering	0.54	0.001	0.58	0.001	0.59	0.001	0.51	0.001	0.60	0.003	0.59	<0.001
Self−rated health	0.43	<0.001	0.48	<0.001	0.49	<0.001	0.44	<0.001	0.46	<0.001	0.48	<0.001
Chronic disease	−0.021	0.001	−0.019	0.003	−0.014	0.011	−0.019	0.001	−0.019	0.002	−0.018	0.006
Impaired ADLs	0.51	<0.001	0.55	<0.001	0.67	<0.001	0.59	<0.001	0.55	<0.001	0.59	<0.001
Gait speed	0.046	0.006	0.058	0.001	0.047	0.014	0.057	0.003	0.067	0.001	0.038	0.066

¹Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the highest life skill category, or standardized regression coefficient β for continuously distributed outcomes. Results for continuously distributed variables are shown with 3 decimal points, and OR with 2 points. All analyses are adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, father’s education, own education, and cognitive function.

²P is for linear gradients across life skill categories.