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. 2018 Jun 29;9:344. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00344

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Copyright © 2018 Adamik, Silbermann, Marino, Sun, Anderson, Zhou, Xie, Roodman and Galson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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XRK3F2 rescues MM-BM-MSC OB mineralization. (A) Myeloma (MM)-BMSC from three different patients (MM patient samples MM5-7, Table 3) were cultured for 20 days in osteogenic media. Vehicle control (DMSO) or XRK3F2 (5 μM) was supplemented only for the first 14 days of the differentiation experiment. The presence of calcium deposition/mineralization was assessed using Alizarin red staining. Three independent wells from each treatment group per patient are shown, with 5X magnification images next to entire wells. However, 6 wells from each patient sample group were used for quantitation of Alizarin red staining density using the ProteinSimple AlphaView software, with SEM indicated. (B) Alizarin red images of undifferentiated HD-BMSC (negative control) and HD-hBMSC treated with vehicle (DMSO) or XRK3F2 (5 μM) during incubation in osteogenic media for 20 days. ^**p ≤ 0.01; ^***p ≤ 0.001; ^****p ≤ 0.0001.