Table 5.
Effect of sex on the associations between serum copper levels (Per 10 ug/dL increased in serum copper) and BMDs and fracture.
| Men |
Women |
P for interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β/OR (95% CI) | p | β/OR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Total femur BMD (g/cm2) | |||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.005 (−0.003, 0.013) | 0.2033 | 0.012 (0.005, 0.018) | 0.0005 | 0.1976 |
| Adjusted model | 0.000 (−0.011, 0.011) | 0.9837 | 0.003 (−0.004, 0.010) | 0.3560 | 0.5962 |
| Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | |||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.005 (−0.003, 0.012) | 0.2164 | 0.011 (0.005, 0.018) | 0.0006 | 0.2009 |
| Adjusted model | −0.005 (−0.016, 0.006) | 0.3498 | 0.002 (−0.005, 0.009) | 0.4913 | 0.2021 |
| Total spine BMD (g/cm2) | |||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.011 (−0.000, 0.022) | 0.0571 | 0.008 (−0.000, 0.015) | 0.0630 | 0.6267 |
| Adjusted model | 0.006 (−0.013, 0.025) | 0.5360 | −0.004 (−0.014, 0.007) | 0.4664 | 0.3087 |
| Total fracture | |||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.965 (0.852, 1.092) | 0.5709 | 0.982 (0.897, 1.076) | 0.7045 | 0.8163 |
| Adjusted model | 1.308 (1.025, 1.670) | 0.0312 | 1.016 (0.857, 1.206) | 0.8534 | 0.1592 |
| Adjusted model plus BMDa | 1.805 (1.075, 3.029) | 0.0255 | 1.066 (0.863, 1.317) | 0.5521 | 0.0452 |
BMD = bone mineral density; CI = confidence interval; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; OR = odds ratio.
β regression coefficient. Adjust for: age; race; body mass index (kg/m2); smoking status; alcohol drinking; moderate physical activity; cardiovascular diseases; dyslipidaemia; triglyceride (mg/dL), total cholesterol(mg/dL); HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL); LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL); serum selenium (ug/L); serum zinc (ug/dL).
a
Adjusted model plus total spine BMD; total femur BMD.