Table 2.
Hemodynamics, Myocardial O2 Supply and Demand, Function, and Troponins at Rest and during Exercise
| Rest | 20W | Peak | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | HFpEF | Control | HFpEF | Control | HFpEF | |
| Hemodynamics | ||||||
| Heart rate (min−1) | 69±13 | 66±11 | 92±14 | 88±16 | 120±16 | 98±16‡ |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 142±24 | 150±22 | 173±26 | 175±29 | 187±26 | 185±34 |
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg) | 4±2 | 11±4‡ | 9±3 | 21±5‡ | 8±4 | 23±6‡ |
| PA systolic pressure (mmHg) | 28±6 | 43±12‡ | 38±10 | 68±12‡ | 42±9 | 72±12‡ |
| PA mean pressure (mmHg) | 17±4 | 28±8‡ | 25±6 | 49±11‡ | 27±7 | 50±8‡ |
| PCWP (mmHg) | 8±3 | 18±6‡ | 15±5 | 32±5‡ | 14±5 | 34±6‡ |
| Cardiac output (l/min) | 5.3±1.9 | 5.0±1.2 | 8.2±1.9 | 6.6±2.0† | 11.8±3.6 | 7.7±2.4‡ |
|
| ||||||
| Myocardial Oxygen Supply & Demand | ||||||
| Systolic PTI (mmHg•sec•min−1) | 2817±581 | 2845±547 | 3818±661 | 3697±904 | 4311±615 | 3972±1001 |
| Coronary PTI (mmHg•sec•min−1) | 3171±497 | 2762±537† | 2537±360 | 1984±396‡ | 2186±340 | 1800±330‡ |
| Coronary/Systolic PTI | 1.17±0.31 | 1.01±0.28* | 0.69±0.18 | 0.57±0.18* | 0.52±0.12 | 0.48±0.14 |
| Rate pressure product (mmHg•min−1) | 9888±2722 | 10015±2482 | 15955±3817 | 15742±4813 | 22614±4599 | 18304±5597† |
| Systolic PTIC (mmHg•sec•min−1•kg•m−2) | 245±72 | 246±69 | 330±88 | 317±95 | 372±79 | 344±109 |
| Coronary PTIC (mmHg•sec•min−1•L•dL−1) | 54±12 | 41±11‡ | 44±9 | 30±9‡ | 39±8 | 28±7‡ |
| Coronary PTIC/systolic PTIC | 0.24±0.07 | 0.18±0.05† | 0.14±0.04 | 0.10±0.04† | 0.11±0.03 | 0.09±0.03* |
| Arterial O2 content (mL/dL) | 16.9±1.7 | 14.9±2.0‡ | 17.4±1.7 | 15.3±2.2‡ | 17.9±1.6 | 15.8±2.2‡ |
|
| ||||||
| Ventricular function | ||||||
| Mitral annular e′ velocity (cm/s) | 9±2 | 7±2† | 10±3 | 7±2† | 14±4 | 8±3‡ |
| Mitral annular s′ velocity (cm/s) | 8±2 | 6±2† | 9±2 | 7±2† | 11±2 | 8±2‡ |
|
| ||||||
| Cardiomyocyte Injury and Stress | ||||||
| hs troponin T (ng/L) | 5.2 (4.2,8.6) | 12.4 (7.8,22.3)‡ | 6.0 (5.0,9.6) | 13.8(8.2,25.1)‡ | 6.3 (4.8,9.7) | 13.8 (8.9,26.2)‡ |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 100 (54, 236) | 436 (147, 978)‡ | 123 (49, 265) | 490 (156, 1104)‡ | 122 (47, 279) | 484 (155, 1133)‡ |
*
p<0.05
†
p<0.01, and
‡
p<0.001 vs. controls.
Coronary PTIC indicates the product of coronary perfusion pressure time integral (PTI) and arterial oxygen content; PA, pulmonary artery; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; systolic PTIC, the product of systolic PTI and LV mass index to adjust for differences in LV wall stress; and other abbreviations as in Table 1.