Table 1.
Probe | Target | Radionuclide | Status | Application | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
64Cu-DOTA-ipilimumab | CTLA-4 | 64Cu | Preclinical | TILs | [32] |
89Zr-DFO-CD3 | CD3 | 89Zr | Preclinical | TILs | [33] |
89Zr-Df-nivolumab | PD-1 | 89Zr | Clinical trial | TILs | [37–39] |
89Zr-Df-pembrolizumab | PD-1 | 89Zr | Preclinical | TILs | [41] |
89Zr-PEG20-X118-VHH | CD8 | 89Zr | Preclinical | TILs | [57] |
89Zr-malDFO-169 | CD8 | 89Zr | Preclinical | TILs | [60] |
89Zr-malDFO-GK1.5 cDb | CD4 | 89Zr | Preclinical | HSCT, IBD | [27,61] |
89ZrmalDFO-2.43 cDb | CD8 | 89Zr | Preclinical | HSCT | [27] |
89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C | CD8 | 89Zr | Clinical trial | TILs | [63] |
64Cu-LLP2A | VLA4 | 64Cu | Preclinical | Tuberculosis | [28] |
68Ga-NOTA-GZP | Granzyme B | 68Ga | Preclinical | TILs | [69] |
[18F]FB-IL-2 | IL-2R | 18F | Preclinical | TILs | [75] |
[18F]FB-IL-2v | IL-2R | 18F | Preclinical | TILs | [77] |
18F-FLT | Thymidine kinase 1 | 18F | Clinical | DC vaccine | [86] |
[18F]FAC | dCK | 18F | Clinical trial | Lymphoid organs | [88] |
[18F]CFA | dCK | 18F | Clinical trial | TILs | [91,92] |
[18F]F-AraG | Deoxyguanosine kinase | 18F | Preclinical | GVHD, RA | [96,98] |
[18F]FHBG | HSV1-tk reporter gene | 18F | Clinical trial | CAR-T | [109] |
89Zr-aTCRmu-F(ab′)2 | TCRmu | 89Zr | Preclinical | CAR-T | [111,112] |
Abbreviations: CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cell; DC, dendritic cell; dCK, deoxycytidine kinase; GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IL-2R, interleukin-2 receptors; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TCRmu, murine T cell receptor beta domain; TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte; VLA4, very late antigen-4.