Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of people who use drugs enrolled in the VIDUS and ACCESS cohorts, stratified by use of withdrawal management services in the previous 6 months, Vancouver, Canada, Dec 2005 to May 2016
| Characteristic | Total (%) (n = 2001) |
Use of Withdrawal Management Services | p – value** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) (n = 69) |
No (%) (n = 1932) |
|||
| Male | 1313 (65.6) | 49 (71.0) | 1264 (65.4) | 0.262 |
| White ethnicity | 1179 (58.9) | 45 (65.2) | 1134 (58.7) | 0.279 |
| Age (median, Q1-Q3) | 41.5 (34.6–47.6) | 39.8 (32.0–45.6) | 41.6 (34.9–47.7) | 0.037 |
| Homelessness* | 718 (35.9) | 35 (50.7) | 638 (35.4) | 0.009 |
| In a stable relationship | 578 (28.9) | 19 (27.5) | 559 (28.9) | 0.754 |
| Incarceration* | 331 (16.5) | 12 (17.4) | 319 (16.5) | 0.854 |
| Regular Employment* | 474 (23.7) | 22 (31.9) | 452 (23.4) | 0.103 |
| Sex Work* | 315 (15.7) | 12 (17.4) | 303 (15.7) | 0.713 |
| Daily Heroin Use* | 540 (27.0) | 25 (36.2) | 515 (26.7) | 0.080 |
| Daily Cocaine Use* | 184 (9.2) | 11 (15.9) | 173 (9.0) | 0.049 |
| Daily Methamphetamine Use* | 121 (6.0) | 9 (13.0) | 112 (5.8) | 0.013 |
| Daily Prescription Opioid Use* | 125 (6.2) | 5 (7.2) | 120 (6.2) | 0.728 |
| High Risk Alcohol Use*† | 251 (12.5) | 6 (8.7) | 245 (12.7) | 0.325 |
| Binge Use (any substance)* | 801 (40.0) | 34 (49.3) | 767 (39.7) | 0.118 |
| Injection Drug Use (any substance)* | 1795 (89.7) | 64 (92.8) | 1731 (89.6) | 0.402 |
| Overdose* | 152 (7.6) | 11 (15.9) | 141 (7.3) | 0.008 |
| Use at Supervised Injection Facility* | 991 (49.5) | 41 (59.4) | 950 (49.2) | 0.103 |
| Hospital Admission* | 422 (21.1) | 18 (26.1) | 404 (20.9) | 0.300 |
| Mental Health diagnosis | 988 (49.4) | 44 (63.8) | 944 (48.9) | 0.015 |
| Opioid Agonist Therapy* | 837 (41.8) | 20 (29.0) | 817 (42.3) | 0.027 |
| Other Addiction Treatment/Supports*‡ | 298 (14.9) | 37 (53.6) | 261 (13.5) | < 0.001 |
* in the last 6 months
† as per NIAAA guidelines (> 3 drinks/day or 7 drinks/week for females and > 4 drinks/day or 14 drinks/week for males)
‡ other than withdrawal management services or opioid agonist therapy
** Pearson’s Chi Square test and Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the baseline sample characteristics