E5 |
Downregulates MHC I and II classes and impairs the transport of these molecules to cell surface [4] |
E6 |
Reduces the number of intraepithelial LCs in CIN lesions accordingly to grade severity [131] |
Reduces the expression of E-cadherin in infected keratinocytes and in higher lesion grades, disrupting adhesion of keratinocytes to LCs [14] |
Impairs monocytes differentiation to Langerhans cells in vitro [135] |
Induces death of precursor or differentiated monocytes in vitro [135] |
E7 |
Downregulates essential molecules involved in antigen processing and presentation, such as TAP-1, TAP-2, LMP-2, LMP-7 and MHC I components [1] |
Impairs gene expression of adhesion markers and costimulatory molecules in LCs [14] |
Shifts cytokines profile: reduces TNF-α expression and induces IL-10 synthesis [14] |
Along with E6, impairs APCs recruitment to infected sites because it reduces the expression of chemoattractant molecules such as IL-8, CCL2 and CCL20 [14] |