Table 3.
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) of Bullying Victimization and Emotional Distress Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth
| Relational bullying victimization, past 30 days | Physical bullying victimization, past 30 days | Gender-based harassment, past 30 days | Gender expression-based harassment, past 30 days | Depressive symptoms, past 2 weeks | Self-harm, past year | Suicidal ideation, past year | Suicide attempt, past year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | ||||||||
| Very/mostly feminine | 2.64 (1.46–4.79) | 2.84 (1.53–5.29) | 6.30 (3.10–12.81) | 5.33 (2.83–10.02) | 2.24 (1.19–4.23) | 2.73 (1.44–5.18) | 3.16 (1.55–6.46) | 4.22 (1.70–10.47) |
| Somewhat feminine | 2.48 (1.39–4.41) | 1.69 (0.91–3.14) | 3.78 (1.88–7.58) | 3.24 (1.76–5.95) | 3.67 (1.99–6.77) | 3.74 (2.01–6.94) | 4.05 (2.06–7.97) | 3.16 (1.28–7.84) |
| Equally feminine/masculine | 1.87 (1.13–3.07) | 1.40 (0.81–2.40) | 2.06 (1.07–3.94) | 2.25 (1.32–3.86) | 2.17 (1.28–3.69) | 2.09 (1.23–3.58) | 2.22 (1.21–4.09) | 1.49 (0.62–3.58) |
| Somewhat masculine | 1.83 (1.06–3.15) | 1.16 (0.64–2.11) | 1.26 (0.60–2.64) | 1.35 (0.74–2.47) | 2.07 (1.16–3.68) | 1.34 (0.73–2.45) | 2.01 (1.04–3.91) | 1.66 (0.65–4.24) |
| Very/mostly masculine | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female sex | ||||||||
| Very/mostly feminine | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Somewhat feminine | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | 1.11 (0.65–1.91) | 1.52 (0.97–2.39) | 1.56 (1.04–2.33) | 1.24 (0.86–1.89) | 1.55 (1.04–2.31) | 1.34 (0.91–2.00) | 1.10 (0.63–1.88) |
| Equally feminine/masculine | 1.05 (0.73–1.50) | 2.06 (1.27–3.35) | 2.53 (1.67–3.82) | 2.23 (1.54–3.23) | 1.53 (1.06–2.21) | 1.42 (0.98–2.06) | 1.31 (0.91–1.90) | 1.10 (0.66–1.81) |
| Somewhat masculine | 0.83 (0.55–1.24) | 2.12 (1.24–3.63) | 3.51 (2.23–5.54) | 2.87 (1.88–4.39) | 1.81 (1.18–2.78) | 1.46 (0.95–2.23) | 1.98 (1.30–3.02) | 1.53 (0.88–2.67) |
| Very/mostly masculine | 1.37 (0.80–2.35) | 4.77 (2.55–8.91) | 8.34 (4.62–15.06) | 4.53 (2.58–7.94) | 1.56 (0.89–2.73) | 1.50 (0.86–2.64) | 1.77 (1.02–3.06) | 2.63 (1.38–5.02) |
Bullying victimization dichotomized as ever versus never in the past 30 days. All models controlled for grade (9th or 11th), race/ethnicity, free/reduced-price lunch participation, and school metro location. Bold indicates p < 0.05.