Table 3.

Among those with 12-month DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder, percent reporting treatment in the past 12 months (N = 71 083)

Treatment sector	Low-lower middle income countries		Upper-middle income countries		High income countries		All countries combined		Comparison between countriesa
	%	S.E.	%	S.E.	%	S.E.	%	S.E.
Specialty mental healthb	3.2	1.9	11.8	2.7	28.7	1.6	25.3	1.3	χ2 = 27.8*, p < 0.001
General medicalc	14.5	4.5	16.8	3.9	36.0	1.7	32.4	1.5	χ2 = 15.6*, p < 0.001
Health cared	16.8	4.6	24.6	4.3	49.3	1.8	44.4	1.6	χ2 = 23.6*, p < 0.001
Human servicese	7.1	2.2	2.5	1.2	7.0	0.9	6.4	0.8	χ2 = 4.3*, p = 0.01
CAMf	–	–	4.2	2.1	9.9	1.0	8.8	0.9	χ2 = 12.3*, p < 0.001
Non health careg	7.6	2.2	6.6	2.4	14.7	1.2	13.3	1.0	χ2 = 6.4*, p < 0.001
Any treatmenth	22.8	5.5	28.7	4.6	53.5	1.8	48.8	1.6	χ2 = 19.9*, p < 0.001

^*p < 0.001.

^aχ² test of homogeneity to determine if there is variation in prevalence of treatment estimates across countries. χ² test is only generated where there is more than one stable cell (>=5 cases).

^bThe mental health specialist sector, which includes psychiatrist and non-psychiatrist mental health specialists (psychiatrist, psychologist or other non-psychiatrist mental health professional; social worker or counselor in a mental health specialty setting; use of a mental health helpline; or overnight admissions for a mental health or drug or alcohol problems, with a presumption of daily contact with a psychiatrist).

^cThe general medical sector (general practitioner, other medical doctor, nurse, occupational therapist or any healthcare professional).

^dThe mental health specialist sector or the general medical sector.

^eThe human services sector (religious or spiritual advisor or social worker or counselor in any setting other than a specialty mental health setting).

^fThe CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) sector (any other type of healer such as herbalist or homeopath, participation in an internet support group, or participation in a self-help group).

^gThe human services sector or CAM.

^hRespondents who sought any form of professional treatments listed in the footnotes above.