Table 3.
ORs and 95% CIs for early AMD (any, soft drusen or RPE depigmentation) by vitamin D status among ARIC Study participants with gradable eye photos at visit 3 (1993-1995) and available serum 25(OH)D concentrations at Visit 2 (1990-1992) (N=9,734)
| Vitamin D status defined by serum 25(OH)D concentrations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deficient <30 nmol/L | Inadequate30 to <50 nmol/L | Adequate 50 to <75 nmol/L | Adequate ≥75 nmol/L | P for trend* | |
| Season-adjusted 25(OH)D, mean (SD) (nmol/L) | 24 (5.1) | 42 (5.5) | 62 (7.0) | 89 (14.1) | |
| Early AMD at Visit 3 (%) | 23 (5%) | 112 (5%) | 237 (5%) | 139 (6%) | |
| Any early AMD | |||||
| Whole Sample | |||||
| # with AMD/# in category | 23/465 | 112/2,430 | 237/4,437 | 139/2,402 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1 | 0.87 (0.55-1.38) | 0.97 (0.63-1.51) | 1.04 (0.66-1.64) | 0.42 |
| Model 1† | 1 | 0.84 (0.53-1.34) | 0.90 (0.58-1.42) | 0.94 (0.59-1.50) | 0.86 |
| Model 1 + waist circumference | 1 | 0.85 (0.53-1.35) | 0.93 (0.59-1.46) | 0.99 (0.62-1.59) | 0.58 |
| Model 1 + hypertension status‡ | 1 | 0.84 (0.53-1.34) | 0.91 (0.58-1.42) | 0.95 (0.59-1.52) | 0.84 |
| Caucasians | |||||
| # with AMD/# in category | 14/211 | 73/1507 | 210/3781 | 133/2280 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1 | 0.71 (0.39-1.29) | 0.80 (0.46-1.41) | 0.83 (0.47-1.48) | 0.84 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.72 (0.39-1.30) | 0.80 (0.46-1.41) | 0.83 (0.47-1.47) | 0.89 |
| African Americans | |||||
| # with AMD/# in category | 9/254 | 39/923 | 27/656 | 6/122 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1 | 1.13 (0.54-2.37) | 1.07 (0.49-2.31) | 1.26 (0.44-3.64) | 0.81 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.12 (0.53-2.34) | 1.06 (0.49-2.29) | 1.22 (0.42-3.55) | 0.84 |
| Soft Drusen ‡ | |||||
| Whole Sample | |||||
| # with AMD/# in category | 22/464 | 100/2418 | 190/4390 | 122/2385 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1 | 0.81 (0.51-1.30) | 0.82 (0.52-1.29) | 0.95 (0.60-1.52) | 0.58 |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.80 (0.50-1.29) | 0.79 (0.50-1.26) | 0.91 (0.56-1.48) | 0.77 |
| RPE Depigmentation ‡ | |||||
| Whole Sample | |||||
| # with AMD/# in category | 24/2784§ | 63/4263 | 27/2290 | ||
| Age-adjusted model | 1 | 1.64 (1.02-2.63) | 1.28 (0.73-2.22) | 0.64 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.27 (0.79-2.06) | 0.90 (0.51-1.59) | 0.37 | |
p for trend calculated using season adjusted serum 25(OH)D as a continuous variable.
Model 1: adjusted for age, race and smoking status.
Hypertension status is defined as in table 2.
The total n for this analysis does not equal that for the whole sample. For the soft drusen analyses, individuals with early AMD and no soft drusen were excluded. For the RPE depigmentation analysis, individuals with AMD and no RPE depigmentation were excluded.
Due to the small number of outcomes of individuals with RPE among those with 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L, this category was combined with the ≥ 30 to <50 nmol/L category to create a referent group.