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Analysis of expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon biopsy samples of controls (n = 22–27) and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D; n = 20–23) through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Relative mRNA expression of (A) IL-1β, (B) IL-6, and (C) TNF-α. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and were examined with Student’s paired t tests. *P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
