Figure 1. IFN-γ sensitizes non-phagocytic cells to Salmonella-triggered cell death.
(A) Photomicrographs of wild-type MEFs either mock-infected (left) or infected with Salmonella (MOI 10, right), and subsequently treated with IFN-γ (10ng/ml, bottom panels). Cells were exposed to IFN-γ 1h after infection and photomicrographs were taken 48h after infection. (B) Cell viability of MEFs infected with Salmonella (MOIs 1, 5 and 10) and subsequently exposed to IFN-γ (10ng/ml). (C) Kinetics of cell death induced by Salmonella (MOI 10) in the presence or absence of IFN-γ (10ng/ml). (D) Viability of wild-type MEFs infected with Salmonella (MOI 10) and treated with IFN-γ, IFN-β, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-α (α4) and IFN-λ (λ3). All cytokines were used at 10 ng/ml (E) Viability of HT-29 cells (MOI 10; left), CMT93 cells (MOI 50; center) and HeLa cells (MOI 10; right) infected with Salmonella in the presence or absence of human IFN-γ (10ng/ml). Viability data shown in this figure are representative of at least three independent experiments. Error bars represent mean +− SD. *p<0.05, **p<0.005