Figure 2. IFN-γ promotes a novel form of cell death in Salmonella-infected non-phagocytic cells.

(A) Wild-type or caspase1^−/−caspase11^−/− double knockout MEFs were infected with Salmonella (MOI 10) and exposed to IFN-γ (10ng/ml) with or without the presence of caspase-1 inhibitor YVAD (10uM), and cell viability was determined 48 h.p.i. (B) Wild-type and caspase1/11 double knockout bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were infected with Salmonella (MOI 25) and cell viability was determined after 90 minutes. (C) Wild-type MEFs were infected with Salmonella (MOI 10) and exposed to IFN-γ (10ng/ml) in the presence of RIPK1 inhibitor GSK’963 (5uM), RIPK3 inhibitor GSK’843 (5uM), pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD (50uM), PI3K inhibitor 3-MA (5mM), erstatin inhibitor Ferrostatin (2.5uM) and cell viability was determined 48 h.p.i. (D) ripk3^−/−, ripk3^−/−casp8^−/− double knockout, fadd^−/−mlkl^−/− double knockout, sting goldenticket mutant, tnfr1^−/−zbp1^−/− double knockout trif^−/−, mavs^−/− or atg5^−/− knockout MEFs, along with wild-type controls, were infected with Salmonella in the presence of IFN-γ (10ng/ml) and cell viability was determined 48 h.p.i. Viability data shown in this figure are representative of at least three independent experiments. Error bars represent mean +− SD. **p<0.005