Table 1.

Results of bivariate analyses for the outcome death.

Variable	Death (n = 12)	Survival (n = 54)	P-value
Birth weight (g), mean ± SD	1398.6 ± 699.0	1728.8 ± 769.9	0.065
Median	1175.0	1505.0
Gestational age (weeks), mean ± SD	30.9 ± 3.6	32.8 ± 3.2	0.043 *
Median	30.0	32.0
5-min Apgar score, mean ± SD	8.3 ± 1.5	8.7 ± 1.4	0.36
Median	9.0	9.0
Mechanical ventilation until discharge/death (days), mean ± SD	19.0 ± 20.8	4.3 ± 5.8	< 0.0001 *
Median	12.5	1.5
Mechanical ventilation until pneumatosis (days), mean ± SD	10.0 ± 12.4	1.8 ± 4.2	0.0007 *
Median	5.0	0.0
Chronological age at pneumatosis (days), mean ± SD	22.8 ± 16.2	17.2 ± 15.2	0.16
Median	18.5	11.5
Male gender, n (%)	7 (58.3%)	26 (48.1%)	0.52
Cesarean delivery, n (%)	8 (66.7%)	39 (72.2%)	0.73
Small for gestational age, n (%)	5 (41.7%)	23 (42.6%)	0.95
Twin pregnancy, n (%)	1 (8.3%)	10 (18.5%)	0.67
Location of pneumatosis, n (%)
Large bowel	5 (45.5%)	46 (85.2%)	0.0089 *
Large and small bowel	6 (54.5%)	8 (14.8%)
Extent of pneumatosis, n (%)
Diffuse	4 (36.4%)	22 (40.7%)	0.42
Moderate	7 (63.6%)	24 (44.4%)
Focal	0 (0.0%)	8 (14.8%)
Morphology of pneumatosis, n (%)
Bullous	3 (27.3%)	26 (49.1%)	0.32
Linear and bullous	8 (72.7%)	27 (50.9%)
Air in the portal system, n (%)	5 (45.5%)	2 (3.7%)	0.0010 *
Perforation of intestinal loops, n (%)	7 (46.7%)	8 (53.3%)	0.0034 *

n, simple frequency; SD, standard deviation;

^*Statistically significant.