Table 3. Honeybee risk exposure to pesticide groups as expressed by PHQ.

PHQ values of single detections in the same sample of the same pesticide group were added (mean ± SEM). One-way-ANOVA, followed by a pairwise Student t-test at α = 0.05.

Pesticide groupsa)	meadow	grain	fruit	F	d.f.	p
DMI–fungicidesb)	0.033 ± 0.087 a	0.205 ± 0.066 a	0.905 ± 0.105 b	22.4721	2, 278	< 0.0001
QoI–fungicidesb)	0.065 ± 0.186 a	0.171 ± 0.141 a	0.912 ± 0.225 b	4.9262	2, 278	0.0079
non bee-toxic neonicotinoidsc)	0,597 ± 0,425 a	1,753 ± 0,322 b	4,287 ± 0,514 c	15.6119	2, 278	<0.0001
Pyrethroids	0.723 ± 0.378 a	0.010 ± 0.286 a	1.989 ± 0.458 b	6.7775	2, 278	0.0013

^a) means in a line followed by the same letter do not differ significantly.

^b) Abbreviations see Table 2

^c) Acetamiprid, thiacloprid; clothianidin and imidacloprid were detected only at “fruit” site