Table 1.
Description of the study sample
Total sample (n = 2,743) | (a) Offline gambling (n = 2,558) | (b) Online sports betting (n = 64) | (c) Other online gambling (n = 121) | Factor group | Pairwise comparisons (p value) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | χ2 | df | p | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | |
Origin | ||||||||||||||
Immigrant | 195 | 7.1 | 183 | 7.2 | 3 | 4.7 | 9 | 7.4 | 0.60 | 2 | .742 | .448 | .906 | .470 |
Spanish | 2,548 | 92.9 | 2,375 | 92.8 | 61 | 95.3 | 112 | 92.6 | ||||||
Education | ||||||||||||||
Primary | 1,635 | 59.6 | 1,575 | 61.6 | 28 | 43.8 | 32 | 26.4 | 105.8 | 4 | <.001 | .008 | <.001 | .022 |
Secondary | 963 | 35.1 | 870 | 34.0 | 30 | 46.9 | 63 | 52.1 | ||||||
University | 145 | 5.3 | 113 | 4.4 | 6 | 9.4 | 26 | 21.5 | ||||||
Civil status | ||||||||||||||
Single | 931 | 33.9 | 847 | 33.1 | 22 | 34.4 | 62 | 51.2 | 19.46 | 4 | .001 | .393 | <.001 | .080 |
Married – in couple | 1,448 | 52.8 | 1,361 | 53.2 | 37 | 57.8 | 50 | 41.3 | ||||||
Divorced – separated | 364 | 13.3 | 350 | 13.7 | 5 | 7.8 | 9 | 7.4 | ||||||
Employment | ||||||||||||||
Not employed | 1,177 | 42.9 | 1,104 | 43.2 | 27 | 42.2 | 46 | 38.0 | 1.26 | 2 | .532 | .877 | .264 | .581 |
Employed | 1,566 | 57.1 | 1,454 | 56.8 | 37 | 57.8 | 75 | 62.0 | ||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | df | p | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | |
Age (years old) | 42.19 | 13.44 | 42.57 | 13.40 | 42.75 | 14.33 | 33.92 | 10.95 | 24.41 | 2; 2,740 | <.001 | .915 | <.001 | <.001 |
Age of onset (years old) | 37.04 | 13.56 | 37.32 | 13.59 | 36.54 | 14.38 | 31.22 | 11.07 | 11.82 | 2; 2,740 | <.001 | .648 | <.001 | .011 |
GD duration (years) | 9.92 | 7.11 | 10.08 | 7.11 | 10.56 | 8.09 | 6.24 | 5.31 | 17.34 | 2; 2,740 | <.001 | .591 | <.001 | <.001 |
Own incomes (€) | 1,221 | 708 | 1,217 | 698 | 1,336 | 724 | 1,248 | 888 | 0.98 | 2; 2,740 | .375 | .182 | .636 | .420 |
Family incomes (€) | 2,062 | 1,066 | 2,037 | 1,057 | 2,119 | 834 | 2,560 | 1,233 | 14.09 | 2; 2,740 | <.001 | .544 | <.001 | .007 |
Note. Bold values represent significant comparison (.05 level). SD: standard deviation; GD: gambling disorder.