Table 2.
Comparison of clinical variables between online gambling disorder and Internet gaming disorder
| Online GD (n = 261) | IGD (n = 27) | ANOVA-adjusted age | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | MD | p | | d | | |
| Severity evolution | ||||||||
| Diagnostic criteria | .854 | 6.89 | 2.14 | 5.53 | 1.88 | 1.37 | .002a | 0.68b |
| Age of onset (years) | 27.29 | 10.10 | 19.17 | 8.52 | 8.11 | <.001a | 0.87b | |
| Duration (years) | 4.61 | 4.97 | 3.84 | 2.52 | 0.76 | .431 | 0.19 | |
| Weight and food addiction | ||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2; present) | 25.73 | 3.72 | 28.22 | 5.23 | −1.49 | .044a | 0.55b | |
| YFAS: total raw score | .906 | 0.78 | 1.45 | 1.41 | 1.53 | −0.63 | .038a | 0.51b |
| Psychopathology: SCL-90-R | ||||||||
| Somatization | .916 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.64 | 0.42 | 0.27 | .049a | 0.52b |
| Obsessive–compulsive | .878 | 1.15 | 0.82 | 1.16 | 0.72 | 0.00 | .978 | 0.01 |
| Interpersonal sensitiveness | .896 | 1.04 | 0.87 | 1.24 | 1.09 | −0.19 | .310 | 0.19 |
| Depression | .921 | 1.57 | 0.96 | 1.12 | 0.77 | 0.45 | .023a | 0.53b |
| Anxiety | .903 | 1.05 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.14 | .432 | 0.16 |
| Hostility | .876 | 1.05 | 0.93 | 1.11 | 0.82 | −0.06 | .761 | 0.07 |
| Phobic anxiety | .819 | 0.45 | 0.68 | 0.46 | 0.63 | −0.01 | .964 | 0.01 |
| Paranoid | .806 | 0.94 | 0.83 | 1.16 | 0.92 | −0.22 | .218 | 0.25 |
| Psychoticism | .867 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.10 | .531 | 0.13 |
| GSI score | .981 | 1.08 | 0.74 | 0.97 | 0.62 | 0.11 | .467 | 0.16 |
| PST score | .981 | 46.61 | 21.77 | 43.30 | 17.92 | 3.31 | .459 | 0.17 |
| PSDI score | .981 | 1.92 | 0.58 | 1.80 | 0.52 | 0.12 | .311 | 0.22 |
| Personality: TCI-R | ||||||||
| Novelty seeking | .753 | 110.39 | 14.69 | 102.42 | 16.53 | 7.97 | .011a | 0.52b |
| Harm avoidance | .816 | 100.41 | 16.78 | 104.39 | 10.90 | −3.98 | .252 | 0.28 |
| Reward dependence | .798 | 97.43 | 14.99 | 94.12 | 14.51 | 3.30 | .300 | 0.22 |
| Persistence | .895 | 107.66 | 20.73 | 92.97 | 18.03 | 14.69 | .001a | 0.76b |
| Self-directedness | .878 | 127.03 | 21.90 | 129.83 | 22.88 | −2.80 | .551 | 0.12 |
| Cooperativeness | .845 | 128.81 | 17.48 | 127.72 | 15.58 | 1.09 | .767 | 0.07 |
| Self-transcendence | .861 | 61.61 | 15.25 | 65.09 | 19.24 | −3.48 | .284 | 0.20 |
| Logistic adjusted by age | ||||||||
| Substances | n | % | n | % | OR | p | | d | | |
| Tobacco | 133 | 51.0 | 6 | 22.2 | 4.16 | .004a | 0.63b | |
| Alcohol | 18 | 6.9 | 0 | 0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Other drugs | 24 | 9.2 | 1 | 3.7 | 3.93 | .199 | 0.22 | |
Note. p value includes Bonferroni–Finner’s correction for multiple comparisons. GD: gambling disorder; IGD: Internet gaming disorder; SD: standard deviation; MD: mean difference; OR: odds ratio; α: Cronbach’s α in the sample; ANOVA: analysis of variance; BMI: body mass index; YFAS: Yale Food Addiction Scale; SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90-R; TCI-R: Temperament and Character Inventory – Revised; GSI: Global Severity Index; PST: Positive Symptom Total; PSDI: Positive Symptom Distress Index.
a
Indicates significant result (.05 level).
b
Indicates moderate (| d | > 0.50) to high range (| d | > 0.80).