Table 3.
Sample demographics
| ADHD group (n = 25) | Control group (n = 25) | Statistics | IUD group (n = 25) | Control group (n = 25) | Statistics | Statistics (ADHD vs. IUD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | 14/11 | 14/11 | 19/6 | 19/6 | |||
| Age [mean in years (SD)] | 38.8 (10.22) | 38.16 (10.84) | U = 301.0, n.s. | 29.36 (10.76) | 29.48 (9.96) | U = 302.0, n.s. | U = 158.5, n.s. |
| IQ [mean (SD)] | 109.92 (14.43) | 108.36 (11.22) | U = 289.50, n.s | 106.61 (13.11) | 101.72 (10.10) | U = 236.50, n.s. | U = 236.0, n.s. |
| School education (%) | |||||||
| School student | – | – | χ2 (2) = 2.03, n.s. | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | χ2 (3) = 0.36, n.s. | χ2 (3) = 5.92, n.s. |
| Secondary modern school | 8 (32%) | 5 (20%) | 2 (8%) | 2 (8%) | |||
| Middle school | 10 (40%) | 15 (60%) | 10 (40%) | 12 (48%) | |||
| High school/grammar school | 7 (28%) | 5 (20%) | 12(48%) | 10 (40%) | |||
| Professional education (%) | |||||||
| None | 4 (16%) | 2 (8%) | χ2 (5) = 3.47, n.s | 9 (36%) | – | χ2 (6) = 13.61, n.s. | χ2 (6) = 12.92, n.s. |
| In education (apprenticeship) | – | – | 3 (12%) | 4 (16%) | |||
| Finished apprenticeship | 14 (56%) | 16 (64%) | 6 (24%) | 11 (44%) | |||
| Technical college | 4 (16%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | |||
| University degree | 2 (8%) | 4 (16%) | 5 (20%) | 5 (20%) | |||
| Other | – | – | – | 3 (12%) | |||
| Occupational status/work (%) | |||||||
| Yes, learned | 9 (36%) | 16 (64%) | χ2 (5) = 5.00, n.s. | 9 (36%) | 15 (60%) | χ2 (6) = 12.41, n.s. | χ2 (7) = 10.29, n.s. |
| Yes, other | 6 (24%) | 5 (20%) | 2 (8%) | 3 (12%) | |||
| Yes, protected | 1 (4%) | – | – | – | |||
| No, family break | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) | – | 2 (8%) | |||
| No, without job | 5 (20%) | 2 (8%) | 6 (24%) | 1 (4%) | |||
| No, permanent sick leave | – | – | 4 (16%) | – | |||
| No, in pension | – | – | 1 (4%) | – | |||
| No, other | 2 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (12%) | 4 (16%) | |||
| Partnership (%) | |||||||
| Single | 6 (24%) | 4 (16%) | χ2 (3) = 3.09, n.s. | 11 (44%) | 9 (36%) | χ2 (4) = 8.38, n.s. | χ2 (4) = 12.77, n.s. |
| In partnership | 7 (28%) | 6 (24%) | 12 (48%) | 10 (40%) | |||
| Married | 8 (32%) | 14 (56%) | – | 6 (24%) | |||
| Separated/divorced | 3 (12%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | – | |||
| Widowed | – | – | 1 (4%) | – | |||
| Preexisting illnesses [n (%)] | |||||||
| Depression | 14 (56%) | 0% | – | 12 (48%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 0.32, n.s. |
| Anxiety disorder | 7 (28%) | 0% | – | 6 (24%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 0.10, n.s. |
| OCD | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 0, n.s. |
| Eating disorder | 4 (16%) | 0% | – | 2 (8%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 0.76, n.s. |
| Adaptive disorder | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | – | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 1.02, n.s. |
| Somatization disorder | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | – | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 1.02, n.s. |
| Psychosomatic disorder | 5(20%) | 0% | – | 3 (12%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 0.60, n.s. |
| PTSD | 2 (8%) | 0% | – | – | 0% | – | – |
| Dissociative identity disorder | – | 0% | – | 2 (8%) | 0% | – | – |
| Borderline personality | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | – | 0% | – | |
| Other personality disorder | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | 2 (8%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 0.36, n.s. |
| Addictive disorder | 3 (12%) | 0% | – | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 1.09, n.s. |
| Schizophrenia | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | 1 (4%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 0, n.s. |
| ADHD | 10 (40%) | 0% | – | 0 (0%) | 0% | – | χ2 (1) = 12.50* |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 0% | 4 (16%) | 0% | χ2 (1) = 4.35 |
Note. The gray-shaded areas represent the statistical comparison between the respective clinical and control group. The final column represents the statistical comparison between both clinical groups. SD: standard deviation; IUD: Internet use disorder; ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; OCD: obsessive compulsive disorder; PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.
Four data sets missing, one data set missing, three data sets missing.
*p < .01. **p < .001.