Table 2.
Results of neurocognitive tests among the groups
| Internet gaming disorders (n = 86) | Alcohol use disorders (n = 39) | Obsessive–compulsive disorders (n = 23) | Healthy controls (n = 77) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | Post-hoc | |
| TMT A (s) | 22.512 (7.442) | 22.135 (6.412) | 24.045 (10.265) | 20.377 (6.260) | .114 | |
| TMT B (s) | 58.702 (26.594) | 61.892 (23.924) | 61.364 (31.042) | 51.133 (12.860) | .096 | |
| TMT A error | 0.117 (0.512) | 0.103 (0.384) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.173 (0.476) | .751 | |
| TMT B error | 0.571 (1.105) | 1.308 (2.802) | 0.200 (0.447) | 0.453 (0.859) | .050 | |
| Stroop color–word RT (s) | 105.470 (21.389) | 99.865 (18.207) | 118.217 (36.478) | 94.623 (17.826) | .002** | IGD > HC, OCD > HC, OCD > AUD |
| Stroop word RT (s) | 59.061 (10.664) | 56.083 (6.975) | 63.783 (20.097) | 54.947 (9.272) | .033* | n.s. |
| Stroop word error | 0.605 (0.939) | 0.846 (1.755) | 0.500 (0.837) | 0.560 (0.858) | .603 | |
| Stroop color–word error | 3.145 (3.114) | 4.289 (14.582) | 3.500 (2.739) | 2.773 (2.768) | .746 | |
| IED total errors | 9.435 (7.058) | 11.919 (5.649) | 11.739 (7.047) | 8.855 (6.724) | .731 | |
| IED total trials | 80.635 (19.660) | 75.943 (11.757) | 75.522 (15.132) | 76.855 (14.996) | .046* | IGD > AUD |
| SST direction errors on stop and go trials | 3.929 (6.852) | 2.622 (5.155) | 4.000 (5.222) | 2.000 (3.495) | <.001** | IGD > HC, OCD > HC, OCD > AUD, IGD > AUD |
| SST direction errors on go trials | 3.071 (5.544) | 2.000 (4.103) | 3.043 (3.902) | 1.493 (2.910) | .007** | IGD > HC, OCD > HC, OCD > AUD |
| SST proportion of successful stops last half | 0.500 (0.115) | 0.520 (0.144) | 0.497 (0.080) | 0.524 (0.119) | .585 | |
| SST SSRT last half (ms) | 183.330 (65.988) | 166.530 (54.530) | 183.330 (65.988) | 159.669 (50.272) | .053 |
Note. p value was adjusted by age, IQ, BDI, and BAI. SD: standard deviation; TMT A: trail making test A completion time; TMT B: trail making test B completion time; IED: intra–extra dimensional set shift test; Stroop word RT: Stroop word of color–word reading time; Stroop color–word RT: Stroop color of color–word reading time; SST: stop signal test; SST SSRT: stop signal test stop reaction time; IQ: intelligence quotient; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; IGD: Internet gaming disorder; OCD: obsessive–compulsive disorder; AUD: alcohol use disorder; HC: healthy controls.
*p < .05. **p < .01.