Table 1.
Mean (and SD) percentage of sports bets that were planned, or that were placed on impulse before or during the match, by demographic and problem gambling categories
| Variable | % planned | % impulse before match | % impulse during match | Sample characteristics (% of sample in each category) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 58.98 (35.33) | 29.85 (31.02) | 11.36 (18.84) | 68.9 |
| Female | 41.24 (33.63) | 44.50 (34.16) | 14.34 (18.68) | 31.1 |
| Inferential statistics |
F(1, 1809) = 100.74, p < .001 |
F(1, 1807) = 81.09, p < .001 |
F(1, 1809) = 9.77, p = .002 |
|
| Marital status | ||||
| Single/never married | 53.32 (36.40) | 34.26 (33.49) | 12.64 (20.82)a | 33.7 |
| De facto | 50.72 (38.68) | 39.58 (36.79) | 10.11 (18.38)a,b | 17.4 |
| Married | 53.61 (33.45) | 32.71 (29.67) | 13.70 (17.71)a | 43.0 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 61.28 (38.67) | 32.40 (35.90) | 6.32 (14.06)b | 5.9 |
| Inferential statistics |
F(3, 1807) = 2.33, p = .072 |
F(3, 1805) = 3.45, p = .016# |
F(3, 1807) = 6.59, p < .001 |
|
| Education | ||||
| Did not complete high school | 50.17 (39.08) | 42.48 (36.76)b | 8.14 (18.45)a | 9.9 |
| Year 12 or equivalent | 53.10 (36.19) | 34.68 (32.50)a | 12.30 (18.05)a,b | 23.7 |
| Trade, technical certificate, or diploma | 56.24 (36.32) | 34.44 (34.00)a | 9.40 (17.11)a | 24.6 |
| University or college degree | 51.59 (33.95) | 33.25 (30.31)a | 15.28 (20.20)b | 31.8 |
| Postgraduate qualifications | 56.67 (35.25) | 29.33 (29.82)a | 14.00 (18.98)b | 10.0 |
| Inferential statistics |
F(4, 1806) = 1.82, p = .122 |
F(4, 1804) = 4.04, p = .003 |
F(4, 1806) = 8.95, p < .001 |
|
| PGSI | ||||
| Non-problem | 59.47 (40.84)b | 37.24 (40.31)a | 3.56 (11.40)a | 19.5 |
| Low risk | 67.13 (36.92)a | 27.98 (33.58)b | 4.89 (13.17)a,b | 16.2 |
| Moderate risk | 58.36 (35.51)b | 34.62 (33.69)a | 7.26 (14.57)b | 17.6 |
| Problem gambler | 44.39 (30.47)c | 35.36 (27.99)a | 20.37 (20.97)c | 46.8 |
| Inferential statistics |
F(3, 1807) = 40.18, p < .001 |
F(3, 1805) = 4.93, p = .002 |
F(3, 1807) = 119.46, p < .001 |
|
Note. Sample descriptive statistics included. Letters (a, b, and c) in superscript indicate significant pairwise differences between groups per sports-betting variable. Groups with the same letters do not significantly differ, whereas the groups that have two letters (e.g., a, b) do not significantly differ from any group with either of those letters. Tests are one-way ANOVA with pairwise Tukey’s tests. SD: standard deviation; PGSI: Problem Gambling Severity Index.
#Pairwise comparisons found no significant differences, despite a significant omnibus ANOVA.