Table 2.
Differences in prevalence rates of diagnoses between addicted and problematic users as well as healthy controls
| Total (N = 207) | Addicted (n = 93) | Problematic (n = 35) | Healthy controls (n = 79) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD (LT) | 5.1 | 13.8 | 0 | 0 | <.001f** |
| ADHD (C) | 6.1 | 11.5 | 0 | 0 | <.001f** |
| Affective disorder(LT) | 21.7 | 35.5 | 17.1 | 7.6 | <.001c** |
| Affective disorder (C) | 5.3 | 10.8 | 0 | 1.3 | .008f* |
| Depressive disorder (LT) | 20.8 | 34.4 | 17.1 | 5.3 | <.001c** |
| Depressive disorder (C) | 4.3 | 9.7 | 0 | 0 | .003f* |
| Anxiety disorder (LT) | 14.5 | 21.5 | 8.6 | 8.9 | .035c |
| Anxiety disorder (C) | 9.2 | 16.1 | 5.7 | 2.5 | .005f* |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (LT) | 3.9 | 5.6 | 0 | 3.8 | .452 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (C) | 2.5 | 4.4 | 0 | 1.3 | .655 |
| PTSD (LT) | 1.5 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | .073 |
| PTSD (C) | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | .032 |
| Specific phobia (LT) | 3.4 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 1.3 | .559 |
| Specific phobia (C) | 3.0 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 0 | .050 |
| Social phobia (LT) | 3.4 | 6.5 | 0 | 1.3 | .105f |
| Social phobia (C) | 2.9 | 5.4 | 0 | 1.3 | .185f |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder (LT) | 2.4 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | .075f |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder (C) | 2.4 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | .075f |
| Eating disorder (LT) | 2.9 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 1.3 | .556f |
| Eating disorder (C) | 1.4 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | .292f |
| Substance use disorders without nicotine (LT) | 12.6 | 18.3 | 11.4 | 6.3 | .060f |
| Substance use disorders without nicotine (C) | 3.9 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 2.5 | .635f |
| Substance use disorders with nicotine (LT) | 20.3 | 25.8 | 17.1 | 15.2 | .198c |
| Substance use disorders with nicotine (C) | 14.0 | 18.3 | 8.6 | 11.4 | .306f |
| Cluster A | 1.9 | 3.2 | 0 | 1.3 | .663f |
| Cluster B | 4.8 | 7.5 | 8.6 | 0 | .013f* |
| Cluster C | 7.2 | 9.7 | 5.1 | 5.7 | .525f |
Note. Rates in %. f: Fisher’s exact test; c: χ2 test; LT: lifetime; C: current corrected by Bonferroni–Holm for multiple comparisons of lifetime and current diagnoses as well as personality disorders. ADHD: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder.
*p ≤ .05 and **p ≤ .01 after correction by Bonferroni–Holm for multiple comparisons.