Table 5.
Between-group differences of addicted users, problematic users, and healthy controls
| Total (N = 207) | Addicted (n = 93) | Problematic (n = 35) | Healthy controls (n = 79) | F | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSS perceived stress | 16.35 (6.74) | 20.01 (6.21) | 15.06 (5.13) | 12.67 (5.72) | 34.437 | <.001** |
| BDI | 8.43 (7.63) | 12.96 (8.36) | 6.51 (4.89) | 4.06 (4.02) | 42.256 | <.001** |
| Rosenberg self-esteem | 21.80 (6.25) | 18.89 (6.74) | 22.66 (5.36) | 24.85 (4.14) | 24.285 | <.001** |
| SASKO speaking | 9.98 (7.19) | 13.90 (7.71) | 8.17 (5.38) | 6.22 (4.46) | 33.825 | <.001** |
| SASKO social rejection | 9.33 (6.43) | 12.76 (7.08) | 7.86 (3.67) | 5.99 (4.24) | 32.247 | <.001** |
| SASKO interaction | 6.98 (5.38) | 10.15 (5.67) | 5.51 (3.59) | 3.94 (3.28) | 41.819 | <.001** |
| SASKO information | 7.03 (4.26) | 8.97 (4.39) | 6.26 (3.45) | 5.11 (3.41) | 21.729 | <.001** |
| SASKO loneliness | 2.98 (3.26) | 4.49 (3.58) | 2.66 (2.72) | 1.37 (2.07) | 24.239 | <.001** |
| ECQ-EE | 55.17 (10.46) | 50.79 (10.29) | 54.40 (10.83) | 60.61 (7.75) | 22.827 | <.001** |
| ECQ-EO | 65.06 (10.96) | 62.99 (11.86) | 65.29 (11.12) | 67.37 (9.35) | 3.481 | .034* |
| ECQ-RE | 47.47 (8.87) | 43.50 (9.05) | 49.51 (8.26) | 51.19 (6.87) | 20.293 | <.001** |
| ECQ-EX | 53.87 (13.71) | 49.61 (13.83) | 52.34 (17.79) | 59.52 (10.97) | 12.670 | <.001** |
| BIQ rejection of body image | 22.59 (8.45) | 26.41 (9.57) | 21.72 (6.47) | 18.53 (5.32) | 22.664 | <.001** |
| BIQ vital body image | 33.73 (6.97) | 31.27 (7.59) | 34.72 (5.31) | 36.17 (5.87) | 12.075 | <.001** |
Note. Mean (standard deviation), SASKO: Social Anxiety and Aocial Competence Deficits Questionnaire; ECQ: Emotional Competence Questionnaire; ECQ-EE: recognizing and understanding the own emotions; ECQ-EA: recognizing and understanding others’ emotions; ECQ-RE: regulation and control of the own emotions; ECQ-EX: emotional expressiveness; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; BIQ: Body Image Questionnaire; F: ANOVA F statistic.
*p ≤ .05 and **p ≤ .01 after correction by Bonferroni–Holm for multiple comparisons.