Table 3.

Effect of the rTMS on the primary and secondary outcome measures

	Active rTMS (N = 30)	Sham rTMS (N = 30)
	Mean (standard deviation)		p value
VAS: “urge to gamble” (0–10)	2.62 (±0.33)	3.25 (±0.33)	.18
GACS: “desire” factor (1–7)	1.89 (±1.14)	1.97 (±1.14)	.70
Heart rate (bpm)	76.38 (±1.50)	77.40 (±1.47)	.63
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	131.89 (±1.73)	134.21 (±1.73)	.36
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	82.63 (±1.11)	83.87 (±1.11)	.43

Note. GACS: Gambling Craving Scale; VAS: Visual Analog Scale; rTMS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.