Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants according to quintile of total fat intake in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
| Quintile of Total fat intake (% of energy intake)
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
| NHS (women, 1984) | |||||
| Total fat intake (% of energy intake), mean (SD) | 26.6 (3.0) | 31.8 (0.9) | 34.7 (0.8) | 37.6 (0.9) | 42.6 (3.1) |
| Number of participants | 15,079 | 15,020 | 15,092 | 15,057 | 15,063 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 51.8 (7.1) | 50.7 (7.2) | 50.1 (7.2) | 49.7 (7.1) | 49.4 (7.1) |
| Family history of melanoma, % | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Red/blonde hair, % | 15.8 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.8 |
| Painful burn/blisters reaction as a child/adolescent, % | 34.7 | 33.9 | 35.1 | 34.6 | 33.8 |
| 6+ of Blistering sunburns, % | 6.6 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 8.0 |
| 6+ of moles, % | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.8 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.3 (4.3) | 24.7 (4.4) | 25.1 (4.7) | 25.3 (4.9) | 25.8 (5.2) |
| Physical activity level (MET hrs/wk), mean (SD) | 17.6 (25.6) | 15.2 (21.3) | 13.6 (19.4) | 12.4 (18.3) | 11.7 (18.8) |
| Alcohol intake (g/d), mean (SD) | 10.4 (16.0) | 7.8 (11.7) | 6.5 (9.9) | 5.6 (8.6) | 4.3 (7.3) |
| Smoking, % | 24.2 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 24.6 | 28.8 |
| Menopause status, % | 59.1 | 58.1 | 57.8 | 58.3 | 58.2 |
| Postmenopausal hormones use in postmenopausal women, % | 24.5 | 23.9 | 23.3 | 23.1 | 23.0 |
| Total citrus intake (serving/d), mean (SD) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.6) |
| Caffeine intake (mg/d), mean (SD) | 281.4 (221.7) | 303.7 (224.0) | 322.4 (229.5) | 342.2 (236.4) | 366.4 (248.7) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d), mean (SD) | 1675.8 (517.3) | 1746.3 (519.5) | 1775.7 (526.4) | 1782.7 (534.4) | 1745.3 (546.3) |
|
| |||||
| HPFS (men, 1986) | |||||
| Total fat intake (% of energy intake), mean (SD) | 23.0 (3.3) | 28.9 (1.1) | 32.2 (0.9) | 35.3 (1.0) | 40.6 (3.3) |
| Number of participants | 9,703 | 9,703 | 9,704 | 9,703 | 9,703 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 55.4 (10.0) | 54.6 (10.0) | 54.0 (9.8) | 53.5 (9.7) | 53.9 (9.5) |
| Family history of melanoma, % | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
| Red/blonde hair, % | 13.3 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 14.4 |
| Painful burn/blisters reaction as a child/adolescent, % | 54.1 | 55.1 | 54.9 | 55.7 | 54.7 |
| 6+ of Blistering sunburns, % | 12.6 | 13.7 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 14.7 |
| 6+ of moles, % | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.6 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.3 (4.7) | 24.7 (5.0) | 25.0 (5.0) | 25.2 (5.2) | 25.5 (5.2) |
| Physical activity level (MET hrs/wk), mean (SD) | 27.2 (34.8) | 22.6 (32.1) | 20.3 (28.1) | 18.6 (27.8) | 16.1 (21.8) |
| Alcohol intake (g/d), mean (SD) | 15.9 (21.4) | 13.7 (17.4) | 12.0 (15.0) | 10.2 (13.5) | 7.8 (10.9) |
| Current smoking, % | 6.6 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 14.1 |
| Total citrus intake (serving/d), mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.1 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.6) |
| Caffeine intake (mg/d), mean (SD) | 173.6 (201.3) | 210.6 (212.8) | 227.6 (220.5) | 248.4 (232.9) | 281.1 (250.7) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d), mean (SD) | 1884.1 (591.3) | 1938.1 (580.7) | 2007.1 (603.0) | 2052.7 (629.2) | 2068.6 (660.7) |
Values are means (Standard Deviation, SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population except for age and number of participants.
NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; MET, metabolic-equivalents