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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Dial. 2018 Mar 7;31(4):388–397. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12686

Figure 3. Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Strategies to Reduce Inflammation in Chronic Dialysis.

Figure 3

Strategies shown to reduce systemic inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease and/or chronic dialysis patients include pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Pharmacological strategies that have been evaluated are specific anti-cytokine therapies, as well as non-specific agents with anti-inflammatory properties, including statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), cholecalciferol (vit D), sevelamer, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists, and growth hormone. Non-pharmacological strategies that have been shown to lower systemic inflammatory markers include changes in dialysis delivery, dietary factors (catechins [green tea extract], omega-3 fatty acids, soy isoflavones, low fructose, and pomegranate juice), and exercise.