Figure 2.

Associations of annual times change in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) estimated over a 3-year exposure window with incidence of stage 4 to 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and death. Log-transformed times change in UACR was modeled as a linear spline with knots indicated by dots and reference no change. Associations were adjusted for sex, baseline age, fifths of deprivation, previous CVD, previous diabetes, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (spline knot at 60 ml/min per 1.73 m²) and baseline log_e-UACR. Individuals with missing systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, or eGFR were excluded. CI, confidence interval.