Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 2426 post-MI patients of the Alpha Omega Cohort according to the number of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, current smoking)
| Baseline variable | All patients n = 2426 |
Number of cardiovascular risk factors |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 n = 598 |
1 n = 1088 |
2 n = 573 |
≥3 n = 167 |
||
| Age, yr | 68.9 ± 5.4 | 68.3 ± 5.3 | 69.6 ± 5.4 | 68.5 ± 5.5 | 68.9 ± 5.4 |
| Men, n (%) | 1927 (79.4) | 497 (83.1) | 878 (80.7) | 430 (75.0) | 122 (73.1) |
| Race, white, n (%) | 2398 (98.8) | 589 (98.5) | 1078 (99.1) | 567 (99.0) | 164 (98.2) |
| Time since MI, yr | 4.0 (2.0–6.4) | 3.3 (1.6–5.9) | 4.0 (1.9–6.5) | 4.4 (2.4–6.6) | 4.8 (3.1–7.4) |
| Educational level, n (%) | |||||
| Only elementary/low | 1374 (57.0) | 319 (53.6) | 603 (55.7) | 353 (62.0) | 99 (59.6) |
| Moderate | 738 (30.6) | 190 (31.9) | 344 (31.8) | 152 (26.7) | 52 (31.3) |
| Higha | 300 (12.4) | 86 (14.5) | 135 (12.5) | 64 (11.2) | 15 (9.0) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 386 (15.9) | 0 | 100 (9.2) | 196 (34.2) | 90 (53.9) |
| Alcohol consumption,b n (%) | 1759 (72.5) | 450 (75.3) | 813 (74.7) | 390 (68.1) | 106 (63.5) |
| Obesity,c n (%) | 554 (22.8) | 0 | 146 (13.4) | 268 (46.8) | 140 (83.8) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.7 ± 3.6 | 26.0 ± 2.3 | 27.1 ± 3.1 | 29.3 ± 4.1 | 32.1 ± 3.5 |
| High blood pressure,d n (%) | 1064 (43.9) | 0 | 744 (68.4) | 457 (79.8) | 161 (96.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 143.3 ± 21.4 | 125.1 ± 10.3 | 147.6 ± 21.6 | 150.8 ± 19.6 | 154.8 ± 17.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 81.4 ± 10.8 | 75.1 ± 7.8 | 83.1 ± 10.9 | 83.2 ± 10.8 | 86.3 ± 9.4 |
| Antihypertensive drugs,e n (%) | 2111 (87.0) | 502 (83.9) | 954 (87.7) | 507 (88.5) | 148 (88.6) |
| ACE inhibitors/ATII blockers | 1309 (54.0) | 311 (52.0) | 576 (52.9) | 327 (57.1) | 95 (56.9) |
| β-Blockers | 1585 (65.3) | 371 (62.0) | 718 (66.0) | 385 (67.2) | 111 (66.5) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 467 (19.2) | 111 (18.6) | 200 (18.4) | 117 (20.4) | 39 (23.4) |
| Diuretics | 500 (20.6) | 99 (16.6) | 198 (18.2) | 162 (28.3) | 41 (24.6) |
| Diabetes,f n (%) | 449 (18.5) | 0 | 98 (9.0) | 225 (39.3) | 126 (75.4) |
| Plasma glucose,g mmol/l | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 1.4 | 6.7 ± 2.4 | 8.2 ± 3.2 |
| Glucose-lowering drugs,h n (%) | 320 (13.2) | 0 | 72 (6.6) | 169 (29.5) | 79 (47.3) |
| Oral glucose-lowering drugs | 253 (10.4) | 0 | 56 (5.1) | 135 (23.6) | 62 (37.1) |
| Insulin analogues | 107 (4.4) | 0 | 25 (2.3) | 52 (9.1) | 30 (18.0) |
| Serum LDL,i mmol/l | 2.74 ± 0.80 | 2.68 ± 0.81 | 2.74 ± 0.79 | 2.75 ± 0.79 | 2.86 ± 0.87 |
| Lipid-modifying drugs,j n (%) | 2089 (86.1) | 518 (86.6) | 938 (86.2) | 485 (84.6) | 148 (88.6) |
| Statins | 2073 (85.4) | 516 (86.3) | 933 (85.8) | 478 (83.4) | 146 (87.4) |
| Antithrombotic agents,k n (%) | 2368 (97.6) | 583 (97.5) | 1060 (97.4) | 560 (97.7) | 165 (98.8) |
| Serum hsCRP, mg/l | 1.7 (0.8–3.6) | 1.2 (0.6–2.8) | 1.5 (0.8–3.3) | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | 2.9 (1.2–5.2) |
| Serum cystatin C, mg/l | 0.97 ± 0.24 | 0.93 ± 0.20 | 0.97 ± 0.24 | 1.01 ± 0.28 | 0.97 ± 0.24 |
| Serum creatinine,l μmol/l | 90.1± 29.3 | 89.2 ± 25.0 | 90.0 ± 30.4 | 92.7 ± 32.1 | 82.1 ± 26.1 |
| eGFRcysC,m ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 81.5 ± 19.5 | 84.9 ± 17.9 | 81.0 ± 19.3 | 78.7 ± 20.8 | 81.7 ± 20.5 |
| eGFRcr-cysC,m ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 78.5 ± 18.7 | 80.8 ± 17.1 | 78.4 ± 18.6 | 75.8 ± 19.8 | 80.1 ± 19.7 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ATII, angiotensin II; eGFRcr-cysC, glomerular filtration rate estimated by combined creatinine−cystatin C; eGFRcysC, glomerular filtration rate estimated by serum cystatin C; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction.
Data are reported as number of patients (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
Higher vocational education or university.
At least 1 glass per week.
Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.
Systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg, irrespective of use of blood pressure−lowering drugs.
Blood pressure−lowering drugs: Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) codes C02, C03, C07, C08, and C09.
Self-reported diagnosis by a physician, use of glucose-lowering drugs, or hyperglycemia.
To convert the values for glucose to milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl), divide by 0.05551.
Glucose-lowering drugs: ATC codes A10, A10A, A10B, A10X.
To convert the values for LDL-cholesterol to milligrams per decilitre (mg/dl), divide by 0.02586.
Lipid-modifying drugs: ATC codes C10 and C10AA.
Antithrombotic agents: ATC code B01.
To convert the values for creatinine to milligrams per decilitre (mg/dl), divide by 88.40.
eGFRcysC and eGFRcr-cysC based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations from 2012.