Table 2.
Mean (95% CI) annual cystatin C−based eGFR decline rates in 2426 post–myocardial infarction patients according to absence or presence of cardiovascular risk factors
| Risk factor | n | Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | ||||
| No (reference) | 1977 | –1.17 (–1.31 to –1.03) | –1.17 (–1.31 to –1.03) | –1.17 (–1.31 to –1.03) |
| Yes | 449 | –2.06 (–2.36 to –1.77)b | –2.10 (–2.40 to –1.81)b | –2.07 (–2.37 to –1.78)b |
| Blood pressure | ||||
| <140/90 mm Hg (reference) | 1062 | –1.01 (–1.20 to –0.82) | –1.01 (–1.20 to –0.82) | –1.01 (–1.20 to –0.82) |
| ≥140/90 mm Hg | 1364 | –1.59 (–1.76 to –1.42)b | –1.51 (–1.69 to –1.34)b | –1.51 (–1.69 to –1.34)b |
| Serum LDL | ||||
| <2.5 mmol/l (reference) | 990 | –1.47 (–1.67 to –1.27) | –1.47 (–1.67 to –1.27) | –1.47 (–1.67 to –1.27) |
| ≥2.5 mmol/l | 1436 | –1.25 (–1.41 to –1.08) | –1.29 (–1.46 to –1.12) | –1.28 (–1.45 to –1.12) |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Nonsmoking (reference) | 2040 | –1.32 (–1.46 to –1.18) | –1.32 (–1.46 to –1.18) | –1.32 (–1.46 to –1.18) |
| Currently smoking | 386 | –1.43 (–1.75 to –1.11) | –1.54 (–1.86 to –1.22) | –1.51 (–1.83 to –1.18) |
| Body mass index | ||||
| <30.0 kg/m2 (reference) | 1871 | –1.30 (–1.45 to –1.16) | –1.30 (–1.45 to –1.16) | –1.30 (–1.45 to –1.16) |
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 555 | –1.46 (–1.72 to –1.19) | –1.62 (–1.89 to –1.35)a | –1.61 (–1.88 to –1.34) |
CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
Adjusted variables were fixed at the mean value of the reference group; hence the estimates of the reference category are equal across models. Diabetes was defined as self-reported diagnosis by a physician, use of glucose-lowering drugs, or elevated plasma glucose level. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and treatment group. Model 2: model 1 plus additional adjustment for current smoking, alcohol consumption, level of education, diabetes, high blood pressure, high LDL, and obesity. Analyses for obesity were not adjusted for diabetes, high blood pressure, and high LDL.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.001 for difference between presence versus absence of risk factor.