Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Jul 6;9:2639. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05105-8

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — Pro-inflammatory responses in the intestine of pik3c3 mutants. a Heatmap of inflammation-related genes shows the gradual stimulation of inflammatory response from 6 to 8 dpf in the mutants. b qRT-PCR analysis of the indicated inflammation-related genes. cxcl8a is the zebrafish homolog of IL8. Experiments were performed and data analyzed as described in Fig. 2b. c mpx:GFP is a transgenic zebrafish line with neutrophils labeled by GFP. In 8 dpf mutants, neutrophils mainly accumulate in the digestive tract. Scale bar, 500 µm. d High magnification confocal imaging of (c). Scale bar, 50 µm. e Cross sections of intestinal bulb in D8 embryos. Neutrophil infiltration of intestinal epithelium is clearly seen in the mutants. Scale bar, 50 µm. f mpeg1:GFP-labeled macrophage lineage cells appear normal in the mutants. Scale bar, 500 µm. g qRT-PCR analysis of the expression of IBD candidate genes in dissected intestine of pik3c3 mutants at 8 dpf. Inflammatory response genes (il1b, card9, mmp9) and igfbp1a (one of the homologs of human IGFBP1, a gene related to the prognosis of CD) are significantly up-regulated in the mutants. Bacteria sensing and autophagy-related genes (nod2, atg16l1, and irgm) and tnfa are not stimulated. Barrier function-related genes hnf4a and ttc7a are severely down-regulated in the mutants while the hp gene, which functions to open up tight junctions, is up-regulated in the mutants. actb1 is used as internal control and data represent mean ± SD from three biological repeats. p-values are determined by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (NS, non-significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001)