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. 2018 Jul 6;8:10257. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28592-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sustained endolymph pumping in response to auditory frequency stimulation. Particle imaging velocimetry shows sustained endolymph pumping at the apex (Ap) of the lateral canal ampulla flowing over the detached cupula in an animal model of canal dehiscence. (A,C) Vector fluid velocity fields at the at a peak inhibitory frequency 800 Hz and peak excitatory frequency 2044 Hz show endolymph pumping changes direction. Large arrows indicate direction of net endolymph flow. (B) The change in velocity magnitude (µm/s) determined by PIV at the specified frequencies.