Fig. 7.

NOD2 activation positively regulates cytokine production. a, b Aspergillus-induced IL-1β and TNF levels in the culture supernatants of human PBMCs (5 × 10⁵) of (a) healthy volunteers (n = 13) represented as black dots or (b) NOD2-deficient patients (n = 6) represented as grey dots in the presence or absence of (10 μg/mL) MDP. Data is represented as scatter dot plot with median and means were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test was paired comparisons. c, d Aspergillus-induced IL-6, KC, and TNF levels in the culture supernatants of murine (c) BMDMs and (d) splenocytes of wild-type (WT, black dots) and Nod2-deficient (Nod2^−/−, grey dots) mice. Data are represented scatterplots with a line indicating the median and means were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test