Fig. 6.

Proposed apoptosis pathway in Jurkat E6-1 cells exposed to T. terristris alkaloids extract. The upward arrowheads (↑) indicate up regulation of the genes involved in apoptosis pathways against exposure of alkaloids extract. Biomolecule interactions of all compounds identified in T. terristris alkaloids fraction were analysed by in silico studies. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis was initiated by the upregulation of TNFR1 gene followed by FADD and Caspase-8 activation while TP53 trigger the intrinsic pathway. The fold-change expressions of some genes (BID, CYCS and caspase-9) of intrinsic pathways were between 1.5–1.9. The caspase activated DNase catalyses the fragmentation of genomic DNA. The schematic pathway was proposed based on the results obtained by RT² Profiler array, DNA fragmentation assay, caspase-3 activation assay and apoptosis assay.