Table 3.
Multimodal activities of listed herbs in the effective control of diabetic symptoms.
| Herb | Botanical name | Part used | Type of extract | Cases | Outcome (effects) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garlic | Allium sativum L | Garlic | Ethanol | Streptokinin induced diabetic rats | Stimulate the secretion of insulin from pancreatic B cells, sparing insulin effect, increasing glucose utilization, hydroxy methyl glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory |
| Ginseng | Panax Ginseng | Berry | Methanol | Streptokinin induced diabetic rats | Enhancement of insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin signaling, increase translocation of GLUT4, antioxidant |
| Aloe vera | Aloe Barbadensis Miller | Leaves | Methanol | Streptokinin induced diabetic rats | Increase secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting pancreatic α-amylase activity, increase insulin sensitivity |
| Bitter Melon | Momordica charantia | Fruit | Aqueous extract | Alloxan-induced diabetic mice | Stimulate glucose utilization, protection of B cell, downregulate MAPKs and NF-κB, upregulate PPAR, modulation of PTP1B, enhance glucose uptake, stimulate insulin secretion |
| Fenugreek | Trigonella foenum-graecum | Seed | Methanol | STZ-induced diabetic guinea pigs | Prevent catabolism, antioxidant, modulating insulin secretion, regeneration of pancreatic B cell, improve glucose utilization, and slow down glucose absorption. |
| Huanglian | Coptis chinensis | Rhizome | Ethyl acetate | High fat diet induced diabetic mice | Regeneration of pancreatic cell, stimulate fatty acid oxidation, inhibit lipogenesis, increase glucose uptake |
| Madagascar periwinkle | Catharanthus roseus | Seed | Methanol | Streptokinin induced diabetic rats | Increase glucose uptake and glucose utilization, antioxidant, increases the insulin sensitivity, inhibit alpha glucosidase |
| Curry tree | Murraya koenigii | Leaves | Methanol | High fat diet induced obesity and diabetic rats | Antioxidant, antiobesity, increase insulin sensitivity, alpha glucosidase inhibitor |
| Holy basil | Ocimun tenuiflorum | Leaves | Methanol | Streptokinin induced diabetic rats | Increase glucose uptake, antioxidant, increase insulin sensitivity, regeneration of pancreatic beta cell, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor |
| Mango | Mangifera indica | Seed | Ethanolic extract | Diabetic rats | Inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzymes, aldose reductase, lipid peroxidation |