Table 1.

Background information of studies included in the review.

Study characteristics				Patient characteristics
Lead author, year of publication	Country	Prospective (P), retrospective (R), or both (B)	Definition of resistanceb	E. coli (%)	Number of patients with positive urine cultures	Female (%)
Allen, 1999	Canada	P	Other	100	548	65.6
Arslan, 2005	Turkey	P	Fluoroquinolone	84.1	611	85.8
Brown, 2002	USA	R	TMP-SMX	100	601	100
Burman, 2003	USA	B	TMP-SMX	97.5	832	95.1
Colgan, 2004	USA	P	TMP-SMX	83.5	103	100
Colodner, 2004	Israel	P	Other	71.7	311	77.2
Ena, 1995a	Spain	R	Fluoroquinolone	6.4	105	58.1
Eshetie, 2015	Ethiopia	P	≥2 classes	61.2	183	63.8
Faine, 2015	USA	R	Other	33.3	360	83.6
Guangcuangco, 2015	Philippines	P	TMP-SMX	76.2	229	100
Hertz, 2015	Denmark	R	Other	100	442	83.6
Ho, 2010	Hong Kong	P	≥3 classes	77	352	100
Ikram, 2015	New Zealand	R	≥3 classes	100	156	60.3
Jadoon, 2015	Pakistan	P	Fluoroquinolone	100	66	75.3
Johnson, 2008	USA	R	Fluoroquinolone	100	123	82.9
Kang, 2015	South Korea	R	Other	29.2	1929	26.9
Khawcharoenporn, 2013	USA	R	Other	72	431	81.4
Killgore, 2004	USA	R	Fluoroquinolone	100	120	85
Lee, 2010	South Korea	P	Other	100	225	100
Metlay, 2003	USA	R	TMP-SMX	62	393	N/A
Osthoff, 2015	Australia	R	ESBL+ ≥3 classes	72.5	200	74.5
Seung, 2014	South Korea	P	Other	31.5	413	39.1
Talan, 2008	USA	P	TMP-SMX	88	689	90
Toner, 2015	UK	R	≥3 classes	84.6	21,414	77
Wright, 1999	USA	R	TMP-SMX	85	448	83.7

≥2/3 classes Resistance to ≥1 drug in a minimum of 2/3 different antibiotic classes.

Fluoroquinolone: Only required resistance to Ciprofloxacin or ≥1 drug in the fluoroquinolone class.

^aOnly study with a Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale score of <7–8.

^bTMP-SMX: Only required resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.