. 2018 Jun 22;20(6):e207. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9225

Table 5.

Analysis of health care costs.

Cost (US $)		Cohort^a							Difference in slopes		P value^e
		BCBH-D^b intervention, medical (N=558)^c, pharmacy (N=330)^d			Matched controls, medical (N=1669)^c, pharmacy (N=990)^d						Difference in slopes	Cohorts time 1	Cohorts time 2
		Pre	Post	Slope (change in cost)		Pre	Post	Slope (change in cost)			Difference in slopes	Cohorts time 1	Cohorts time 2
All-cause medical cost
	Inpatient	2274	1406	−868		2446	2490	44		−912	.03	.78	.01
	Emergency department	381	316	−64		434	502	69		−133	.16	.54	.003
	Outpatient	5327	4040	−1288		5651	5201	−450		−838	.001	.50	.01
	Total	7997	5789	−2207		8551	8213	−338		−1869	.001	.53	.001
Diabetes-related medical cost
	Inpatient	97	124	26		247	74	−172		198	.16	.19	.64
	Emergency department	13	6	−8		18	14	−4		−4	.75	.58	.20
	Outpatient	1437	1249	−189		1943	1711	−232		44	.92	.007	.007
	Total	1558	1383	−175		2223	1808	−415		240	.58	.005	.04
All-cause pharmacy cost
	Total	4405	4264	−141		4739	5675	936		−1078	.001	.34	.001

^aAll subjects have 1 year of pretreatment time and 1 year of follow-up observation time.

^bBCBH-D: Better Choices Better Health Diabetes.

^cN of subjects with medical coverage.

^dN of subjects with pharmacy coverage.

^eAll analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equation repeated measures model with a gamma distribution and a logit link. The matched control cohort is the reference category in all analyses.