Table 3.
Multivariate regression of the associations between the experience of emotional and physical violence in childhood and risk factors for girls
| Factors | Emotional violence | Physical violence | ||||
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Physical abuse <13 | 2.985** (1.540 to 5.788) | 2.949*** (1.488 to 5.847) | 3.155*** (1.630 to 6.108) | |||
| Emotional abuse <13 | 2.078** (1.285 to 3.361) | 2.199*** (1.358 to 3.561) | 2.199*** (1.358 to 3.561) | |||
| Paternal orphanhood <13 | 1.492 (0.915 to 2.435) | 1.488 (0.914 to 2.423) | ||||
| Maternal orphanhood <13 | 0.745 (0.365 to 1.520) | 0.639 (0.312 to 1.311) | ||||
| Currently attending school (ref: no) | 0.855 (0.603 to 1.213) | 0.509*** (0.319 to 0.812) | 0.521*** (0.330 to 0.825) | |||
| People in the community can be trusted (ref: strongly disagree/disagree) Strongly agree/agree |
0.706 (0.482 to 1.034) | 0.674** (0.454 to 0.999) | 0.631*** (0.448 to 0.888) | |||
| Feel safe and secure in the community (ref: strongly disagree/disagree) Strongly agree/agree |
0.797 (0.541 to 1.173) | 0.796 (0.536 to 1.180) | ||||
| Can talk to family about things important to me (ref: strongly disagree/disagree) Strongly agree/agree |
0.545* (0.331 to 0.896) | 0.523** (0.316 to 0.865) | 0.513** (0.302 to 0.870) | |||
| My family cares a lot about me (ref: strongly disagree/disagree) Strongly agree/agree |
0.568 (0.283 to 1.142) | 0.527* (0.260 to 1.066) | 0.454** (0.227 to 0.909) | |||
| Close to students at my school (ref: strongly disagree/disagree) Strongly agree/agree |
0.674 (0.314 to 1.447) | 0.711 (0.322 to 1.569) | ||||
| Teachers care about me (ref: strongly disagree/disagree) Strongly agree/agree |
0.601 (0.323 to 1.119) | 0.532* (0.282 to 1.005) | 0.522** (0.281 to 0.968) | |||
| Illness of an adult in the home | 1.727* (1.090 to 2.735) | 1.696** (1.091 to 2.639) | 1.696** (1.091 to 2.639) | |||
| Father absent <13 | 1.449 (0.818 to 2.569) | 1.501 (0.835 to 2.700) | ||||
| Mother absent <13 | 1.127 (0.718 to 1.768) | 1.093 (0.694 to 1.722) | ||||
| SES (ref: fifth) | ||||||
| First quintile | 0.486** (0.278 to 0.849) | 0.489** (0.282 to 0.849) | 1.897*** (1.183 to 3.043) | 1.897*** (1.183 to 3.043) | ||
| Second quintile | 0.719 (0.422 to 1.225) | 0.761 (0.445 to 1.300) | 1.414 (0.870 to 2.296) | 1.414 (0.870 to 2.296) | ||
| Third quintile | 0.695 (0.401 to 1.202) | 0.724 (0.420 to 1.247) | 1.869*** (1.176 to 2.972) | 1.869*** (1.176 to 2.972) | ||
| Fourth quintile | 0.690 (0.407 to 1.172) | 0.685 (0.401 to 1.169) | 1.241 (0.790 to 1.951) | 1.241 (0.790 to 1.951) | ||
| Age | ||||||
| 13−14 | 1.570 (0.836 to 2.947) | 1.480 (0.774 to 2.830) | 0.693 (0.418 to 1.146) | 0.693 (0.418 to 1.146) | ||
| 15−16 | 1.642* (0.951 to 2.836) | 1.592 (0.905 to 2.801) | 0.969 (0.592 to 1.587) | 0.969 (0.592 to 1.587) | ||
| 17−18 (ref) | ||||||
| 19−20 | 0.971 (0.531 to 1.776) | 0.936 (0.509 to 1.720) | 0.807 (0.478 to 1.362) | 0.807 (0.478 to 1.362) | ||
| 21−22 | 0.705 (0.390 to 1.274) | 0.662 (0.365 to 1.199) | 0.837 (0.504 to 1.392) | 0.837 (0.504 to 1.392) | ||
| 23−24 | 0.543* (0.285 to 1.035) | 0.495** (0.256 to 0.954) | 0.468*** (0.274 to 0.798) | 0.468*** (0.274 to 0.798) | ||
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, controlled for age and SES.
Ref, reference; SES, socioeconomic status.
Bolded text indicates the result was significant.