Binding affinity in low nanomolar to picomolar range |
Binding affinity in low nanomolar to picomolar range |
Entire selection is a chemical process carried out in vitro and can therefore target any protein |
Selection requires a biological system, therefore difficult to raise antibodies to toxins (not tolerated by animal) or nonimmunogenic targets |
Can select for ligands under a variety of conditions for in vitro diagnostics |
Limited to physiological conditions for optimizing antibodies for diagnostics |
Iterative rounds against known target limit screening processes |
Screening monoclonal antibodies is time-consuming and expensive |
Uniform activity regardless of batch synthesis |
Activity of antibodies varies from batch to batch |
Pharmacokinetic parameters can be changed on demand |
Difficult to modify pharmacokinetic parameters |
Investigator determines target site of protein |
Immune system determines target site of protein |
Wide variety of chemical modifications to molecule for diverse functions |
Limited modifications to molecule |
Return to original conformation after temperature insult |
Temperature sensitive and undergo irreversible denaturation |
Unlimited shelflife |
Limited shelf life |
No evidence of immunogenicity |
Significant immunogenicity |
Cross-reactive compounds can be isolated using toggle strategy to facilitate preclinical studies |
No method for isolating cross-reactive compound |
Aptamer-specific antidote can be developed to reverse the inhibitory activity of the drug |
No rational method to reverse molecules |